The brief content of the lecture

1. NATO was formed on April 4,1949 by Washington Treaty. NATO unites 26 states. State-members obligates to support and develop military defense potential, provides base for collective military planning. Military forces of the NATO were formed in 1950. It was made in respond on military actions on Korean peninsula in 1950. NATO was formed in the time of Cold War, and was directed against SU and Warsaw Treaty.

Civil Bodies of the NATO was formed on the base of Lisbon Summit decisions on February 20-21, 1952. In the same time Secretariat was formed. In 1956 Supreme Three – Great Britain, France, USA was founded.

Political changes in 90-s of XXc. In Europe demands necessity of self determination and declaration of new strategy of Alliance:

- London Declaration “North Atlantic Alliance in change processes” (1990);

- Rome Declaration about Peace and Cooperation and New Strategically Conception of the North Atlantic Union (1991);

- Declaration of the NATO in Brussels (1994) about program “Partnership for Peace”;

- Washington Declaration (1999);

- Prague Summit (2002) about further development of the NATO;

- Istanbul Summit (2204) about development of the NATO.

Strategically conception of the NATO is supporting of Transatlantic connections and global strategically balance in Europe, and defines three main elements for provision of security: dialogue, cooperation, supporting of collective military protection.

Rome and Washington Declaration defined, that new problems would decide by complex of institutions, connecting Europe and Northern America in the framework of the NATO, OSCE, EU, and CE cooperation.

In 1994 NATO declared Program “Partnership for Peace”.

NATO’s military activity , number of military forces, and role of nuclear components decreased.

In 1991 Council of the North Atlantic Cooperation (CNAC) was formed, included post socialist states, and states of the former SU. Aim of it is formation of partnership between North Atlantic block and states of the Central and Eastern Europe. In 1997 CNAC was replaced by Council of Euro Atlantic Partnership (CEAP).

Program Partnership for Peace based on the bilateral relations between NATO and 27 states joined to the PFP. Participants of the PFP are Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Finland, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Russia, Switzerland, Sweden, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. They are members of the CEAP also.

Strategic conception of the NATO included “leading operations on crisis situations, don’t coincide with article 5 of Washington Treaty (collective defense against external aggression). The first step was rocket-bomb blows in Yugoslavia in March,1999. This military campaign showed, that alliance can use forces without Security Council (UN) sanctions.

In 1997 Jointly Permanent Council NATO-Russia was formed. In 1997 the same agreement was concluded with Ukraine and decision of Dialogue on Mediterranean problems foundation – about cooperation with 7 states (non including to the NATO) – Algeria, Israel, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunis. Aim of the dialogue is strengthening of security and stability in Mediterranean region.

NATO fulfils coordinating role. Euro Atlantic Coordination Center Reacted on Natural Disasters and Catastrophes (EACCRNDC) was formed in 1998, coordinates actions on giving aids in the Western Ukraine from flood and Kosovo.

2. Civil structure of the NATO:

- Permanent Council;

- Committee of military planning;

- Group of Nuclear planning;

- Secretary General.

Military structure of the NATO:

-Military Committee;

Permanent military committee;

International military staff.

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