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Юриспунденкция

Choose the correct variant.

1.The psychological approach to the phoneme regards it as:

a)the minimal sound unit by which the meaning may be differentiated;

b)the abstract unit essentially independent of the acoustic and physiological properties associated with it;

c)an ideal mental image at which the speaker aims.

2.The first period of J.A. Baudouin de Courtenay’s work is called:

a)morphemic;

b)psychological;

c)morphological.

3.Which of the linguists separated phonology from phonetics and considered it to be an independent science?

a)S.K. Showmyan

b)N.S. Trubetzkoy

c)L. Hyelmslev

4.S.K. Showmyan’s conception of the phoneme is called cybernetic because:

a)he used cybernetic methods of investigation;

b)he borrowed cybernetic terms;

c)his view were rather obscure.

5.L.V. Shcherba defined the phoneme as:

a)a complex perception of the articulatory movements and of the muscular sensations connected with them together with the resulting acoustic impressions, all of which react on mind simultaneously;

b)the shortest generic phonetical perception in a given language capable of being associated with semantic perceptions, of distinguishing words, and of being easily isolated from a word;

c)the sum of acoustic impressions and of articulatory movements, of that which is pronounced both mutually dependent.

6.Which of the linguists paid his attention to the fact that phonemic variants may develop into new phonemes and a phoneme may become a phonemic variant?

a)L.V. Shcherba;

b)J.A. Baudouin de Courtenay;

c)L.R. Zinder.

7.Which theory served the basis for Trubetzkoy’s theory of the arch-phoneme?

a)the theory of phonemic independence;

b)the theory of phonological oppositions;

c)the morphological phoneme theory.

8.According to the Moscow school of linguistics variations are:

a)alternation series that can be found within the same morpheme;

b)phonemes in the position of neutralization;

c)the concrete representations of phonemes in weak positions.

9.According to J.A. Baudouin de Courtenay sounds that are different in character and the different qualities of which represent historical phoneme alternations are called:

a)correlates;

b)homogenes;

c)divergents.

10.Whose definition of the phoneme emphasized the mutual exclusiveness of phonemic variants?

a)D. Jones’s;

b)L.V. Shcherba’s;

c)N.S. Trubetzkoy’s.

11.From the auditory point of view a speech sound is:

a)a complex of definite finely coordinated and differentiated movements and positions of various speech organs;

b)a sound wave which appears due to the disturbance of the air stream by the movements of speech organs;

c)a spoken message which is perceived by the listener’s hearing organs and transmitted through the nervous system to the brain.

12.Which branch of phonetics studies all the sound-producing possibilities of the human organs of speech and the ways they are used for purposes of human communication?

a)general;

b)comparative;

c)special.

13.The invariant is:

a)a minimal abstract linguistic unit realized in speech in the form of speech sounds;

b)the functionally relevant bundle of articulatory features;

c)the sound which occurs in different environments.

14.The occlusive consonant is pronounced:

a)with incomplete obstruction through which the air passes;

b)with the complete obstruction gradually opening into a narrowing;

c)with breaking up the complete obstruction by the air stream;

15.Which theory of syllable formation is based upon the fact that each sound has a different carrying power?

a)the relative sonority theory;

b)the muscular tension theory;

c)the loudness theory.

16.According to the three-type-of-consonant theory of syllable formation initially strong consonants occur:

a)at the beginning of the syllable;

b)at the end of the syllable;

c)at the juncture of words.

17.Which organ of speech is responsible for syllable formation according to the loudness theory?

a)vocal cords;

b)pharyngeal cavity;

c)soft palate.

18.The syllable with the weak stress is called:

a)unstressed;

b)weakly-stressed;

c)strongly-stressed;

19.The correlation of varying prominence of syllables in a word is called:

a)the stress;

b)the accenteme;

c)the stress-pattern.

20.Special prominence in the stressed syllable is achieved through:

a)the lowering of the soft palate;

b)the more energetic articulation;

c)the lip rounding.

21.The stress which falls on a syllable which occupies in all the words of the language one and the same position in relation to the beginning or end of a word is called:

a)constant;

b)fixed;

c)free.

22.Diphthongization of monophthongs and monophthongization of diphthongs is characteristic of:

a)the Western type of American pronunciation;

b)the Eastern type of American pronunciation;

c)the Southern type of American pronunciation.

23.Which variant of American pronunciation is the least regional in character and called General American?

a)the Western type of pronunciation;

b)the Eastern type of pronunciation;

c)the Southern type of pronunciation.

24.Canadian pronunciation standard is based on:

a)the RP;

b)the GA;

c)both the RP and GA.

25.The intervocalic [t] in GA is:

a)voiced;

b)voiceless;

c)omitted.

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words or word combinations.	\|	Guess the phonetic phenomenon.

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