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Юриспунденкция

Самостійна робота № 4

І Граматика

1 Past continuous or simple? (A-B)

David is always having accidents. His girlfriend Melanie is talking about some of the accidents. Write her sentences from these notes. Each sentence has one verb in the past continuous and one in the past simple.

when / he / carry / a suitcase / he / drop / it / on his foot
When he was carrying a suitcase, he dropped it on his foot.

he / break / his leg / when / he / ski
He broke his leg when he was skiing.

he / sit down / on a chair / while / I / paint / it

as / he / run / for a bus / he / collide / with a lamppost

his hair / catch / fire / when / he / cook / chips

when / he / hold / a beautiful vase / he / suddenly / drop / it

he / sit / in the garden / when / a wasp / sting / him / on the nose

2 Past continuous or simple? (A-B)

Put in the correct form of the verb.

Rita: I hear the lights (►) went (go) out in your flats last night.

Emma: Yes, (►) / was watching (I / watch) a documentary on TV when suddenly

(1)……….. (we / lose) all the power. But

(2)………………………… (it / come) on again after about ten minutes.

Vicky: Rachel (3)…………………………… (come) down the stairs when the lights

(4)…………………………… (go) out. She almost (5)…………………………. (fall) over.

Daniel: Matthew and I (6)……………………. (play) table tennis at the time.

Andrew: (7)……………… (I / work) on the computer.

(I / lose) a whole hour's work. But this morning

(I/get) up early and (10)……………………… (do) it again.

3 Past continuous or simple? (A-C)

Find the second part of each sentence. Put each verb into the correct form.

Vicky (have) a beautiful dream when she (touch) the wire.

When Andrew (see) the question, when I (find) a £10 note in it.

The train (wait) when the alarm clock (ring).

I (read) a library book the crowd (rush) in.

Sarah (have) an electric shock he (know) the answer immediately.

When the doors (open), they (see) that the sun (shine).

When the campers (wake), when we (arrive) at the station.

Vicky was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang.

When Andrew saw the question, he knew the answer immediately.
1

ІІ Мовна практика

Write an essay describing how their life would have been different if they had been born of the opposite sex.

ІІІ. РОБОТА З ТЕКСТОМ ЗАГАЛЬНОФАХОВОЇ ТЕМАТИКИ

1. First Reading of the Texts on "Treatment of Offenders"(Skimming Reading)

1.1 Read the texts quickly and try to understand what they are about and what information is of primary importance or new to you.

1.2 Write down the law terms, known to you, in Ukrainian.

1.3 Write a list of international words used in the texts. Use your dictionary to check their exact meaning.

2. Scanning Reading

2.1 Read the texts on "Treatment of Offenders" again.

2.2(a) Choose the sentences about the functions of the Magistrates' court in England and Wales and about the death
penalty from the text "Custody" and translate them.

2.2(b) Find the sentence saying about the purpose of probation and the sentence about the term, a court in England, Wales and Northern Ireland is free to pass, in the text "Probation".

2.3Pick out the law terms from the text, which you do not know. Refer to a dictionary or the glossary if necessary.

3. Texts on "Treatment of Offenders"

3.1 Read the texts on "Treatment of Offenders".

Sentencing

The sentence passed on an offender is entirely a matter for the courts, subject to the maximum penalty enacted by Parliament for each offence. The Government ensures that the courts have available an adequate range of sentences to suit the circumstances of each case and that they are well informed about the purpose and nature of each available sentence. The Court of Appeal issues guidance to the lower courts on sentencing issues when points of principle have arisen on individual cases which are the subject of appeal.

Custody

The Government believes that custody should be a sanction of last resort used only when the gravity of the offence means that there is a positive justification for a custodial sentence, or where the public needs to be protected from a dangerous offender. The Court of Appeal has stated that sentencers in England and Wales should examine each case in which custody is necessary to ensure that the term imposed is as short as possible, consistent with the courts' duty to protect the interests of the public and to punish and deter the criminal. A magistrates' court in England and Wales cannot impose a term of more than six months' imprisonment for each offence tried summarily, but may impose consecutive sentences subject to an overall maximum of 12 months imprisonment. If an offence carries a higher maximum penalty, it may commit the defendant for sentence at the Crown Court, which may impose — within the permitted statutory maximum — any other custodial penalty. As in the rest of Britain there is a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment for murder: this is also the maximum penalty for a number of serious offences such as robbery, rape, arson and manslaughter.

The death penalty has been repealed for almost all offences. It remains on the statute book for the offences of treason, piracy with violence

and some other treasonable and mutinous offences; it has, however, not been used for any of these offences since 1946. In Scotland the maximum penalty is determined by the status of the court trying the accused unless the sentence is limited by statute. In trials on indictment, the High Court may impose a sentence of imprisonment for any term up to life, and the sheriff court — any term up to three years but may send any person to the High Court for sentence if the court considers its powers are insufficient. In summary cases, the sheriff may normally impose up to three months' imprisonment or six months for some repeated offences, although his powers are extended by statute in some exceptional cases. In the district court the maximum term of imprisonment is 60 days. In Northern Ireland the position is generally the same as for England and Wales. A magistrates' court, however, cannot commit an offender for sentencing at the Crown Court if it has tried the case; for certain summary offences, a magistrates' court may impose a term of imprisonment for up to 12 months. There are also other circumstances when a magistrates' court can impose imprisonment of more than six months.

Fines

The most common sentence is a fine, which is imposed in more than 80 per cent of cases. There is no limit to the fine which may be imposed on indictment; on summary conviction the maximum limit, except in certain exceptional circumstances, is Ј2,000 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and in Scotland Ј2,000 in the sheriff court and Ј 1,000 in the district court.

Probation

At present in the United Kingdom the number of offenders subject to supervision in the community considerably exceeds the number in custody. The purpose of probation is to protect society by the rehabilitation of the offender, who continues to live a normal life in the community while subject to the supervision of a probation officer. Before placing an offender on probation, which may last from six months to three years, the court must explain the order in ordinary language, ensuring that the offender consents to the requirements of the order and understands that a failure to comply with them will make him or her liable to a penalty or to be dealt with for the original offence. In England and Wales such an order can be made only for offenders aged 17 years or more. In Scotland the minimum age is 16 years and in Northern Ireland 10 years. About 17 per cent of orders in

England and Wales contain a variety of additional requirements concerning place of residence, attendance at day centres or treatment for mental illness.

The probation service in England and Wales also administers supervision orders, the community service scheme and parole. In addition, social work services are provided in custodial establishments.

In England and Wales the cost of the probation service is shared between central and local government and it is administered locally by probation committees of magistrates and members co-opted from the local community. In Scotland probation services are integrated with local authority social work departments, and in Northern Ireland the service is administered by a probation board, whose membership is representative of the community and which is funded by central

government.

The probation service provides and maintains day centers and hostels together with schemes and programmes designed to meet the needs of a broad range of offenders, and, if possible, drawing the community into partnership in responding to offending.

Offenders aged 16 or over (17 in Northern Ireland) convicted of imprisonable offences may, with their consent, be given community service orders. The court may order between 40 and 240 hours' unpaid service (the maximum in England and Wales is 120 hours for 16-year-olds) to be completed within 12 months. (This does not apply in Northern Ireland.) Examples of work done include decorating the houses of old or disabled people and building adventure playgrounds. The number of community service orders made in England and Wales increased from 28,040 in 1981 to 34,580 in 1986 and in Scotland from 1,083 in 1981 to 3,150 in 1986. In Northern Ireland the number rose from 811 in 1986 to 841 in 1987.

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland a court is free to pass a suspended sentence of not more than two years. (A draft Treatment of Offenders (Northern Ireland) Order will allow sentences for serious offences to be suspended for up to five years.) The sentence is not served unless the offender is convicted of a further offence punishable with imprisonment; in that event the suspended sentence normally takes effect and another sentence may be imposed for the new offence. In England and Wales an offender receiving a suspended sentence of more than six months may be placed under the supervision of a probation officer for all or part of the period: courts also have the power, when passing a sentence of between three months' and two

years' imprisonment, to order that part should be served and the rest held in suspense.

4. Reading for General Understanding

4.1 Check the comprehension of the text by listening to each question and choosing the answer, which you think, is correct.

I.The sentence passed on an offender is entirely a matter for the courts.

yes, it is true;

press or the party leaders can affect the sentence;

the sentence passed on an offender depends on the executive power.

2.The Court of Appeal issues guidance to the lower courts on sentencing issues when points of principle have arisen on individual cases, which are the subject of appeal.

there is no such practice:

the lower court does not always take into account the opinion of the Court of Appeal;

c) the lower courts on principal issues arising on individual cases regard the guidance of the Court of Appeal as the base.

3. A magistrates' court in England and Wales cannot impose a term of more than six months' imprisonment for each offence.

a magistrates' court in England and Wales can impose a term of three years;

a magistrates' court in England and Wales can impose a term of twelve months in case these are consecutive sentences;

a magistrates' court in England and Wales can impose a term of only three months.

4.As well as in the rest of Britain there is a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment for murder.

yes, it is true, besides, this is also the maximum penalty for a number of serious offences;

no, life imprisonment is sentenced for theft and hooliganism;

there is no life imprisonment in England at all.

5. The death penalty has been repealed for almost all offences.

it is not true; it has not been repealed for rape;

more than 150 people are sentenced to the death penalty in England every year;

the death penalty remains on the statute book for the offences of treason and a number of other offences; it has, however, not been used since 1946.

6. In Scotland in summary cases the sheriff may normally impose up to three months' imprisonment or six months' for some repeated offences.

the sheriff may impose up to a year's imprisonment;

the sheriff does not impose up to any term's imprisonment without Court;

yes, it is true; in addition his powers are extended by statute in some exceptional cases.

7. The purpose of probation is to protect society by the rehabilitation of the offender, who continues to live a normal life in the community while subject to the supervision of a probation officer.

probation may last from a month to three months;

probation may be ensured without the offender's consent;

probation may last from six months to three years, the court must explain the order in ordinary language, ensuring that the offender consents to the requirements of the order.

4.2 Pick out from the texts "Treatment of Offenders" all the word combinations with the following words (terms) and give their Ukrainian equivalents.

sentence - offence

court - murder

penalty - accuse

appeal. - indictment

custody - sanction

5. Reading for Detail and Language Study

5.1 Find in the text the English equivalents for the following phrases.

- апеляційний суд видає керівництва;

- Уряд вважає, що тюремне ув'язнення повинно застосовуватися як санкція в останній інстанції...;

особи, що займаються винесенням вироків в Англії й Уельсу, повинні вивчати кожну справу;

максимальне покарання обумовлюється положенням суду;

- Верховний суд може виносити вирок до ув'язнення на будь-який термін;

- суд магістратів не може передати справу до Королівського Суду;

- накладати на правопорушника новий наглядовий і обмежувальний порядок;

суспільні роботи;

домашній арешт;

штрафні санкції;

суспільний нагляд;

перевиховання злочинця;

лікування душевних захворювань;

неоплачувана робота:

місцевий департамент суспільних (соціальних) робіт;

рада по умовному звільненню;

суд вправі виносити рішення про відстрочку вироку на термін не більш, ніж два роки.

5.2 Explain the meanings of the following words and expressions.

to pass the sentence;

to be entirely the matter for the courts;

sanction;

justification for a custodial sentence;,

custody;

to impose consecutive sentences;

life imprisonment;

the death penalty;

manslaughter;

in summary cases;

a term of imprisonment;

probation;

compensation to the victim.

6. Written Practice

6.1 Answer the questions on the texts "Treatment of Offenders".

I .In what way should the sentencers in England and Wales (according to die statement of the Court of Appeal) examine each case?

2. How do magistrates' courts work in England and Wales on imposing terms?

Which sentences may the Crown Court impose?

Has the death penalty been repealed in England and Wales?

What are the peculiarities of the court in Scotland?

What are the powers of the High Court in Scotland?

What are the sheriffs powers in Scotland?

What is the maximum term of imprisonment in the district court in Scotland?

Can a magistrates' court commit an offender for sentencing at the Crown Court?

10.What kinds of penalties in Great Britain are known to you, except for custody?

II .What is the most common sentence in Britain?

12.Is there any limit to the fine? In case you answer "yes", what is the maximum limit in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and in Scotland?

13.What is the purpose of probation?

14.For how long can an offender be placed on probation?

15.At what age can offenders be placed on probation?

16.In what way is the cost on the probation service shared in England and Wales?

17.Who is the probation service administered by?

18.How do probation services function in Scotland and in Northern Ireland?

19.May offenders aged 16 or over 17 convicted of imprisonable offences be given community service orders?

20.Give the examples of community work done, will you?

21.In what cases is the sentence on probation suspended?

22.What do you know about the courts' order on compensation to victims?

23. What is the attitude of the Government to awarding compensation? What is the practice like on this problem?

ІV. ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНЕ ЧИТАННЯ ( обсяг 15 тис. друкованих знаків газетного тексту).

1.Прочитайте та перекладіть статті.

2.Випишіть та запам’ятайте 20 ключових слів.

3. Підготуйте усний переказ прочитаного

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Самостійна робота №3	\|	Самостійна робота №5

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