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Юриспунденкция

Варіант 9

І. Граматика

Перепишіть, обираючи правильну часову форму.

He has run/ has been running/ ran for ten minutes without any rest.

They are working in the reading-room. They have worked/ have been working/ worked) there for already three hours.

Where is your brother now? He has played/ has been playing/ played volley-ball with friends since morning.

I live in Kiev. I have lived/ have been living/ lived there since 1995.

She hasn’t done half of the exercise yet, but she has done/ has been doing/ did it for half an hour.

My friend is a writer. He has written/ has been writing/ wrote books since he was a young man.

What have you done/ have you been doing/ did you do here since morning?

Olga always helps her mother about the house. Today she has helped/ has been helping/ helped her for 2 hours.

Mother had cooked/ has been cooking/ cooked the holiday supper before the guests come.

This is a factory where my father works. He has worked/ has been working/ worked here for 15 years.

Розкрийте дужки, поставивши дієслово у правильну форму.

Flowers (grow) on the flower-beds in our garden.

Fruit and vegetables (gather) in autumn.

The doctor (send) for 10 minutes ago.

The composition (write) by the students now.

You (leave) behind, if you are not quick.

Why were not you at the party. I (invite) by them.

The bear (attack) by the bees, when it tried to take their honey.

In summer the horses (drive) by the boys to the fields.

The room (air) now.

The luggage (place) already on the berth.

Перекладіть англійською мовою.

Добре було б, якби ми не бачили ту жахливу сцену.

Шкода, що ви не бачили цю виставу раніше.

Добре було б, якби я не забула взяти парасольку.

Шкода, що ми не встигли на потяг.

Шкода, що я дав годинника Петру. Він зламав його.

Перекладіть англійською, використовуючи складний додаток.

1. Я б не хотів, щоб вони запізнилися.

2. Я сподіваюся, ви доглянете за квітами.

3. Я хочу, щоб лікар оглянув хворого.

4. Вчитель помітив, як я підказував їй.

5. Я сподіваюсь, що ви отримаєте листа завтра.

ІІ. Мовна практика.

Essential words

The words in this exercise are used a lot in the legal profession, and appear at various stages

throughout this book, so it is important you understand what they mean before you do any

of the other exercises. Match the definitions on the left with the words on the right. Note

that (a) there are more words than definitions, and (b) many of the words on the right can

have more than one meaning, but only one of those meanings is in the column on the left.

Note that many of the words and accompanying expressions in this exercise (and in the

following exercises on business law) are not exclusive to business law, but may also be

applied to other legal and general areas.

1. Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done. 2. To send someone to prison or to a court. 3. An adjective referring to a judge or to the law. 4. Not guilty of a crime. 5. Any act which is not legal. 6. A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business. 7. A disagreement or argument between parties. 8. A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines special problems. 9. A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal proceeding. 10. An official who presides over a court. 11. To make an allegation in legal proceedings. 12. Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case. 13. A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court. 14. An agreement reached after an argument. 15. To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime. 16. A case which is being heard by a committee, tribunal or court of law. 17. To find that someone is guilty of a crime. 18. Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement. 19. To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge. 20. To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence. 21. To say that someone has committed a crime. 22. Having the legal ability to force someone to do something. 23. An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons or organisations. 24. The arguments used when fighting a case. 25. A legal agreement between two or more parties. 26. An adjective referring to crime. 27. A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty in a trial. 28. A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or disprove something at a trial. 29. To order someone to pay money as a punishment. 30. A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not to do something.

appeal arrest binding breach case charge civil claimant commit contract convict court crime criminal damages defence defendant dispute evidence fine guilty hearing injunction innocent judge judicial jury lawyer legal offence plead prosecute sentence settlement trial tribunal

ІІІ. Робота з текстом загально фахової тематики.

Прочитайте та перекладіть текст:

WHAT ARE ENGLISH COMPANIES LIKE?

As the United Kingdom is a country where market economy was established centuries ago, it would be interesting to look at British forms of business organization. The UK economy is mixed, that means that there exist both private and public sectors, the former being by far larger than the latter. Four major types of business represent the private sector: sole trader (sole proprietor), partnership, limited company and unlimited company. Limited companies in turn can be private limited and public limited. The public sector consists of nationalized companies. Lei us review all of these forms in greater detail to identify their main features, advantages and disadvantages. The classification of business forms is illustrated by the following scheme:

Limited company

A limited company is the most common form of business. A limited company is a legal entity that is separate from shareholders and directors. The shareholders are not liable for the company's debts beyond the amount remaining unpaid on the shares they hold or guaranteed to a third party. To register a firm as a limited company (to incorporate a company) certain documents must be submitted to the Registrar of Companies who then issues a Certificate of Incorporation. This certificate permits the company to start its operations. A limited company is managed by the Board of Directors elected at annual shareholders' meetings. As a rule, the accounts of a limited company have to be audited by registered auditors. A limited company must submit a set of audited accounts to the Registrar of Companies each year. This set-should include the directors' report, the auditors' report, profit and loss accounts, the balance sheet, the statement of cash flow and explanatory notes to the figures in the accounts. In addition, it is required to file an annual return giving details on the directors and shareholders as well as some other statutory information. All information on file at the Companies' Registry is open to public inspection.

Limited companies are classified as private limited by shares, private limited by guarantee and public limited. In a private company limited by shares, members' liability is limited to the amount unpaid on shares they hold. If a company is limited by guarantee, its members' liability is limited to the amount they have agreed to contribute to the company's assets in case of its winding up. A public limited company's (PLC) shares may be offered for sale to the general public and members' liability is limited to the amount unpaid on shares held by them. The shares of a PLC can be transferred without the shareholders' permission. .A private limited company (Ltd.) is prohibited by the Companies Act (Part III, Ch. 1) from advertising its shares for sale. Its shares may only be transferred with the agreement of all shareholders. A PLC is also required to issue shares in the amount of J50.000 minimum (Section 118 of the Companies Act) and to have at least two people as the company owners (Subsection 1 (1) of the Company Act). A Private company may have even one owner (Subsection 1 (3 A) of the Company Act). Here are some examples of well-known companies that are registered in the UK as Ltd. or PLC.

Private limited companies:

DuPont, Henkel, Rhone Poulenc Chemicals, Shell, Kraft Foods, McDonalds, Nestle, Procter &. Gamble.

Public limited companies:

British Airways, Marks & Spencer, SmithldineBeecham, Unilever.

There is no apparent preference as to which form (Ltd. or PLC) applies more to this or that sector of the British economy. For instance, of the Big 5 accounting firms. Deloitte & Touche and PriceWaterhouseCoopers are Ltd, KPMG is PLC, Arthur Andersen is a private unlimited company and. finally, Ernst & Young is a partnership. As to the national origin of the companies, large multinationals originating from abroad tend to be registered as private limited in the UK, whereas large British companies are predominantly private limited.

2) Випишіть з тексту всі фахові терміни, вкажіть їх українські еквіваленти

3) Напишіть анотацію до тексту.

IY. Індивідуальне читання (обсяг – 30 тис. друкованих знаків газетного тексту).

1)Прочитайте та перекладіть статтю(статті).

Випишіть та запам’ятайте 20 ключових слів.

Підготуйте усний переказ прочитаного.

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Варіант 8	\|	Варіант 10

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