Study the rules for the following vowels and practice them in proverbs.

a) / Λ / Graphical rules: 1. The letter “u” in stressed closed syllables - hurry, uncle, consult. 2. “o” followed by “m” - come, some “n” - son “v” - love, govern “th” - mother, other 3. The diagraph “ou” followed by “gh” - tough, enough “bl(e)” - trouble, double “pl(e)” - couple “ou”+ other consonant (memorize): country, courage, cousin; touch, young, southern Rare and Irregular Spellings: blood, flood, worry, stove, oven Proverb and sayings: 1. As snug as a bug in a rug. 2. As hungry as a hunter. 3. After meat mustard. 4. So many countries, so many customs.

b) /a: / Graphical Rules: 1. “ar” - card, part 2. “a” followed by : “ss” - pass, glass “st” - past, fast “sk” - ask, basket “sp” - grasp, clasp “ft” - after, craft “th” - path, father 3. “a” followed by “lf” - half, calf (“l” is not pronounced) “lm” - calm, palm (“l” is not pronounced) 4. “ance”, “and” in words of French origin when stressed - France, glance, demand, commander Rare Spelling: aunt, draught, clerk, sergeant, heart, hearth, bazaar, drama, aria, tomato, garage, moustache, vase. Proverbs and sayings: 1. Alarm bells start to ring. 2. After a storm comes a calm. 3. Each dog barks in his own yard. 4. He laughs best who laughs last.

c) / / Graphical rules: 1. The letter “o” in closed stressed syllables (not, office). 2. The diagraph “wa” – /w / - was, want, wall; /w : / - water. 3. “qua” -- /kw o / - quality, quantity , except / kwo: / - quarter. Rare Spellings: because, cough, knowledge, sausage. Proverbs and sayings: 1. Honesty is the best policy. 2. A little pot is often hot. 3. As strong as an ox. 4. As solid as a rock.

d) / : / Graphical rules: 1. oor, our, oar - floor, door; your, course; board, roar. 2. or when stressed - port, sort 3. “a” followed by “ll, lt, lk” - all, tall; salt; chalk. 4. “au”, “aw” - autumn; law. 5. “ought”, “aught” - thought; caught. 6. “war” - warm, ward. Irregular Readings: our, flour, sour, poor. Proverbs and sayings: 1. Any port in a storm. 2. Pride cones before a fall. 3. It never rains but it pours. 4. Trust me not at all or all in all.

Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the proverbs, choose 2-3 of them to explain.

E.g. “as hungry as a hunter” describes a very hungry person, the highest degree of hunger.

Read the following words and transcribe them.

a)oven, cough, company, cover, customer, donkey, mummy, sonny, hurry, pulse, tongue, other;

b) marching, grass, task, basket, plaster, last, bathroom, dance, reprimand, starve, charge, army;

c) warrant, horror, watch, want, porridge, orange, moth, loss, coffee, sorry, golf, office, strong;

d) walk, daughter, draw, small, sought, taught, war, quarrel, lawyer, dawn, foresaw, bought.

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TYPES OF SYLLABLES	\|	Read the following words, transcribe them, define the types of syllables which contain the underlined letters. Use a dictionary if necessary.

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