She’ll jump at you.

She will eagerly accept your proposal. The word “jump” is used metaphorically here.

8. Your hands are clean. You’ve no Eureka soap on ‘em.

You are a gentleman. The father means that personally Robert has nothing to do with “degrading” business and thus must be willingly accepted into the “exclusive circles” of society. The word “clean” is used figuratively.

It is interesting to note that though a common businessman Anthony Rockwall gives his soap a Greek name for advertising purposes. Eureka is a cry of triumph at a discovery. In English it means “I have found it!” this exclamation is attributed to Archimedes, Greek mathematician and inventor on discovering a method for determining the purity of gold.

You don’t know the social mill, dad. She’s part of the stream that turns it.

This is an example of prolonged or extended metaphor, that is the case when one word used in a transferred sense calls forth a transference of meaning in the whole sequence of words related to it. “The social mill” is a hackneyed or trite metaphor as it has been made common as the result of being very often in use.

10. She’s going to sail for Europe at noon day after to-morrow…

Note the absence of article before the noun “day”. In colloquial American speech articles are often dropped in adverbial modifiers of time.

Do you think she would listen to a declaration from me during that six or eight minutes under those circumstances?

Here the demonstrative pronoun “that” is used in the singular to denote a period of time as a whole.

That night came Aunt Ellen, gentle, sentimental, wrinkled, sighing, oppressed by wealth, in to Brother Anthony at his evening paper, and began discourse on the subject of lovers’ woes.

This is a case of inversion. It is common when a sentence begins with an adverbial modifier and the subject is accompanied by a lengthy attribute. This makes the position of the subject more prominent.

The words “Brother” and “Aunt” are often capitalized when they are used instead or with proper names.

The use of a prepositional phrase (“at his evening paper”) instead of a possible attributive clause or a participial phrase makes the writer’s remark more concise and matter-of-fact.

And then he began to knock money.

And he began to speak ill of money.

Said the rules of society couldn’t be backed for a yard by a team of ten-millionairs.

Said that a team of ten-millionairs couldn’t change the rules of society even a bit. “To back” means to act, move or stand firm in opposition.

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I’m for money against the field.	\|	DISCUSSION OF THE TEXT

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