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Вопрос 31 OE Weak verbs

W.v. form their Preterit and Participle2 by addition of a dental suffix (d/t) –love, loved. Weak verbs form the majority of Old English verbs. There are three major classes of weak verbs in Old English. The first class displays i-mutation in the root. The verbs of Class I usually were i-stems, originally contained the element [-i/-j] between the root and the endings. The verbs of Class II were built with the help of the stem-suffix -ō, or -ōj and are known as ō-stems. Class III was made up of a few survivals of the PG third and fourth classes of weak verbs, mostly -ǽj-stems.

Each Wv. is characterized by 3 basic forms: infinitive, Preterit and a participle 2.

1st class regular verbs are formed either from noun, or from other verbs.In regular verbs the root vowel in all forms subjected to mutation under the influence -i in suffix. 1. The verbs with long root vowels -i disappears irrespective of which consonant stood before it. dēman-dēmde-dēmed

The 1^st class formally with ja in the present and i in the past. Its root vowel is mutated (anomalous).3 forms, becausePl&sg distinguished only the inflection. There are 11 irregular verbs in 1 class. Their irregularity consist that they have suffix only in 1 form - the infinitive and present tense, and it means, that umlaut was only in 1-st form, that is the 1st form distinguished from the second and the third by quality of the root vowel. (sellan, sealed, seald-to give). Irreg verbs which have a mutated vowel in the Present tense and no mutation in the Preterit and P2

2rd class –o-class. This o –is preserved by preterit and Participle2. 2^nd class has - oja -in the infinitive and –o- in preterit. The vowel is not mutated.

3^rd class contained few verbs: habban-hæfde-hæfd (have), Libban-lifde-lifd (live), Secзan-sæзde/sæde-sæзd/ (say). The dental suffix is joined immediate to the root. In the present there was –j-, but the 2^nd and 3^rd pers.Sg show no trace of –j-.

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