Priestley, John Boyton

Pound, Ezra

Pope, Alexander

Shaw, George Bernard (1856-1950) Irish dramatist, critic and social thinker. His plays are usually based on political and social ideas, e.g. Widower’s Houses (1892), Heartbreak House (1914) , Saint Joan (1924), Pygmalion (1913)

Sillitoe, Alan (1928- ) Novelist and poet, one of the Angry Young Men generation. His best-known novel is Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1958).

Trollope, Anthony(1815-82)

Turgenev, Ivan(1818-83): Russian novelist, the first Russian writer to find success in Europe. His novels include The Nest of Gentlefolk (1859), On the Eve (1860), Fathers and Sons (1862), in which he created a Nihilist hero, Bazarov.

Turner, William(1775-1851): major English landscape painter, whose mature works convey a profoundly Romantic vision of the magnificence of nature and the violence of the elements. His works were frequently inspired by poetry, and many of his paintings are accompanied by quotations. He also illustrated books by Milton, Byron, W. Scott and others. His great works exerted a major influence on the Romantic imagination.

Udall, or Uverdale, Nicholas (1504-56): Dramatist and scholar, the author of the first known English comedy, Ralph Roister Doister. He also wrote Latin plays on sacred subjects.

University Wits: Name given to a group of Elizabethan playwrights and pamphleteers, of whom Nashe, R. Greene, Lyly, and T. Lodge were the chief.

Vanbrugh, Sir John (1664-1726): dramatist and architect. He wrote three successful comedies, The Relapse, or Virtue in Danger (1696), The Provoked Wife (1697), Confederacy (1705). His characters are distinct, the tone of the plays was rather coarse, bright and partly a reflection of the upper-class society of his time.

Verne, Jules (1828-1905): French novelist, whose works combine adventure and popular science.

Virgil(70-19 BC): the greatest of Roman poets. His Aeneid served as a model for all Latin epics of the medieval period and then for the new classical epic.

Voltaire (1694-1778): French, satirist, novelist, historian, poet, dramatist, polemicist, moralist and critic. Voltaire was a universal genius of the Enlightenment. His literary principles were fundamentally neo-classical, and his political principles were essentially liberal. La Henriade (1723 and 1728) is an epic poem; Zaire (1732) is a heroic tragedy. His most characteristic works, however, were his philosophical tales, notably Candide (1759).

Wain, John(1924-95): novelist, poet and critic. His first novel, Hurry On Down (1953) has been seen as a manifestation of the spirit of the ‘angry young men’. His other novels include The Contenders (1958), The Young Visitors (1965), The Pardoner’s Tale (1978) and his Oxford trilogy: Where the Rivers Meet (1988), Comedies (1990) and Hungry Generations (1994). As a poet Wain was associated with the *Movement.

Walpole, Horace(1717-97): the author of the first Gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto (1764).

Waugh, Evelyn Arthur St. John (1903- 66): Novelist. His Vile Bodies (1930), A Handful of Dust (1934), Brideshead Revisited (1945) and others are works of high comedy and social satire which capture the brittle, cynical, determined frivolity of post war-generation; The Loved One (1948) – a macabre comedy about Californian funeral practices. Waugh also established himself as a journalist and travel writer.

Webster, John (1578-c.1632): Dramatist, exponent of the baroque literature. His reputation rests on two plays, The White Devil (pub. 1612) and The Dutchess of Malfi (pub. 1632). With these two tragedies Webster achieved recognition second only to Shakespeare. The 20^th cent saw a strong revival of interest in Webster as a moralist and satirist.

Wells, Herbert George (1866-1946): novelist, whose literary output was vast and extremely varied. As a novelist he is best remembered for his scientific romances, among the earliest product of the new genre of science fiction: The Time Machine (1895, a social allegory), The Invisible Man (1897), The War of the Worlds (1898), The First Men on the Moon(1901), Men like Gods (1923) and others. Another group of his novels evokes in comic and realistic style the lower-middle-class life of his youth: Love and Mr. Lewisham (1900), The History of Mr. Polly (1910), etc. He also published several collections of short-stories, including the memorable The Door in the Wall (1911).

Wesker, Arnold (1932-): playwright. His use of the rhythms of working life was highly innovative and did much to stimulate the growth of the so-called ‘kitchen-sink drama’. Plays: Chicken Soup with Barley (1958), Roots (1959) and I’m Talking about Jerusalem (1960) (the three plays known collectively as Wesker plays), The Kitchen (1959), Chips with Everything (1962), The Merchant (1977) and others.

Wilde, Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Wills (1854-1900): Irish, dramatist, essayist, poet and wit. He was an advocate of the Aesthetic Movement (Art for Art’s Sake). He produced books of children’s fairy stories, much in a melancholy and poetic style: The Happy Prince and Other Tales (1888), A House of Pomegranates (1891) and his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gary (1888), a Gothic melodrama, whose hero is an embodiment of the aesthetic way of life. Wilde achieved great theatrical success with his comedies Lady Windermere’s Fan (1892), A Woman of No Importance (1893), An Ideal Husband (1895), and his masterpiece The Importance of Being Earnest (1895). He spent two years in prison on charge with homosexual offenses.

Wollstonecraft, Mary (1759-97): English writer who wrote in favour of social and educational rights for women. She was the author of Thoughts on the Education of Daughters (1787), Mary (1788), a novel. Her most famous work is A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). Married, William Godwin, the social philosopher, and died shortly after giving birth to her daughter, the future Mary Shelley.

Woolf, Virginia (1882-1941): Novelist and critic. She was born into the family of a literary critic. Her house became the centre of the Bloomsbury Group of intellectuals. She is considered a leading exponent of modernism for her use of stream of consciousness, especially in the novels Mrs. Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928)

Wordsworth, William (1770-1850): one of the greatest English poets, the leader of the Romantic Movement in England. In his youth he was strongly influenced by the ideas of the French Revolution. Later in life he slowly settled into a role of patriotic conservative public man, became poet-laureate in 1843. Wordsworth is at his best in descriptions of natural scenery. His earlier work shows the poetic beauty of the commonplace, and is written in ‘a selection of language really used by men’: Idiot Boy, Margaret, Mad Mother, the mysterious cycle of Lucy poems. The Lyrical Ballads (1795, together with S. Coleridge) is considered a landmark in the history of English Romanticism. The Prelude (1805) is a long autobiographical poem. Poems in Two Volumes (1807) contains some of his most celebrated lyrics, such as Ode on Intimations of Immortality, Ode to Duty and a number of famous sonnets. Wordsworth is a deep, original thinker, who created a new poetic tradition.

Wyatt, Sir Thomas (1503-43): the poet, who introduced the genre of the sonnet to English literature.

Wycherley, William (1641-1715): dramatist of the Restoration period. His plays are highly regarded for their acute social criticism, particularly of sexual morality and the marriage conventions: Love in a Wood, or St. James’s Park (1671?), The Gentleman Dancing-Master (1671?), The Country Wife (175), The Plain-Dealer (1676?). The last two were successfully revived in the 20^th cent.

Wyclif, John (c.1330-84): English religious philosopher and the first translator of the Bible. Wyclif was condemned by the Pope for his constant attacks on the authority and abuses in the Church. He was a trained scholastic who lectured and wrote on logic. He was an extreme exponent of Realism. His followers were known as Lollards. His great significance lies in the Bible translations which he instigated.

Wyndham, John: the best-known pseudonym of John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris (1903-69), a successful writer principally of science-fiction. Works in this genre include The Day of the Triffids (1951), The Crysalids (1955), The Midwich Cuckoos (1957). Most of his works are distinguished by the contrast between a comfortable English background and the sudden invasion of catastrophe.

Yeats, William Butler (1865-1963): Irish poet and dramatist.

Young, Edward (1683-1765): Poet and Dramatist. Young’s most celebrated poem, The Complaint, or Night Thoughts on Life, Death and Immortality (1742-5) is a noted example of graveyard genre.

Zola, Emile (1840-1902): the leading figure in the French school of naturalistic fiction. Zola produces an extraordinary panorama of mid-19^th cent misery, poverty and the violence of human instinct. His principal work, La Rougon- Macquart, which he termed the ‘natural and social history of a family under the second Empire’, counts 20 volumes.

[1] См., например, Веселовский. Избр. статьи. – Л., 1939. – С. 295.

[2] John Gardner, The Life and Times of Chaucer, pp.390-400

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
	\|	Векторний добуток векторів.

Не знайшли потрібну інформацію? Скористайтесь пошуком google:

Генерація сторінки за: 0.018 сек.