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Terminal (Tower) Controller

Terminal controllers control air traffic at airports and give pilots taxiing and take off instructions, air traffic clearances, and advice based on their own observations and information from the Meteorological Office, air route traffic control centres (ACCs), flight service stations, pilots, and other sources. They provide separation between landing and departing aircraft. They transfer control of aircraft to the ACC controller when the aircraft leaves their airspace, and they receive control of aircraft coming into their airspace from controllers at adjacent facilities. Air traffic controllers must be familiar with the aircraft identification and positions of the aircraft under their control, aircraft types and speed, the location of navigational aids and landmarks in the area. They provide information about weather conditions for specific flights, receive and forward pilot’s flight plans, relay air traffic control instructions, assist pilots in emergency situations, provide airport advisory service, and initiate searchers for missing or overdue aircraft.

Area Control Centre Controller

Air traffic control specialists at ACC give aircraft instructions, air traffic clearances, and advice regarding flight conditions while en route between airports. They provide separation between aircraft flying along the airways or operating into or out airports not served by a terminal facility. Centre controllers use radar, or in some cases, manual procedures to track the progress of all instrument flights within the centre’s airspace. Where radar coverage is available and their workload permits, ACC controllers also provide radar service to pilots who are not on instrument flight plans, alerting them to potential traffic conflicts. Controllers transfer control of aircraft to controllers in adjacent centres, or approach control, or terminal.

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2. How Air Traffic Controllers Operate
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