Types of Tourism

People travel for many purposes and in different ways. That is why there are a lot of types of tourism you can choose from. If you like sightseeing,it can be cultural tourism, if you are fond of music, you will take up music tourism, if you enjoy nature, wildlife tourism will be best. Other examples of tourism are whalewatching, archaeological, Christian,wine, and many others.

Educational tourism has become very popular in the modern world. Visiting another country to learn about its culture or to practise the skills one has got in class are the main focusof educational tourism. Students all over the world take part in Student Exchange Programs and Study Tours which help them to find a place to live and study for some time. It usually takes some months. The International Practicum Training Program provides students with practice abroad.

For some people tourism and sport are closely connected.Sport tourism including hiking, mountaineering, canoeing,bicycle tours and other kinds are for those who are fond of sport and want to keep fit.

Extreme or shock tourism based on extreme sports attractthose who like to travel to dangerousplaces (jungles, deserts, caves,and so on) or take part in dangerous actions. There is always an element of risk in such tourism which is attractiveto those who need adrenalin[a'drenslm]. Under-ice diving in the White Sea, travelling across the Chernobyl zone, rafting['ra:ftir}], flights on balloonsare only some examples of extreme tourism.

Space tourism has become reality in the 21st century. The start of space tourism was made at the end of 1990s by the privatecompany from the USA, "Space Adventures[sdVentfez], Ltd." In 2000, it made a contract with a commercial[кэ'тз:]!] Russian space company "Mir Corp" for space tourism and in 2001 the first space tourist, an American businessman Dennis Tito, made his first flight to the International space station "Mir". The Russian Space Agency is now the only organization providing transport for space tourists. They fly on boarda Soyuz spacecraftfor US $20 — 35 million. All space tourists are trained at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut['kozmanat] Training Centre in Russia. Commercial space travel may be the norm as soon as 2012 as new technologies[tekWtacfeiz] in spacecraft building will make space transportation more available. The first orbiting hotel, "The Galactic Space Suite[swi:t] Hotel" is going to be open. Space ports all around the planet will be built in near future, the first ones in Singapore[.sirjga'po:], United Arab Emiratesand in the USA. They will include training centres for space tourists.

When organized correctly, tourism should take care of natural resourcesand develop economic and cultural life of the region['ri:cfe(9)n]. But sometimes fast developing tourism industry can become dangerous to the environment.That is why a lot is said about sustainable tourism now. It's a tourism industry which makes a low impacton social, economic, natural and cultural environment of the region and also takes into accountneeds of tourists. In other words, sustainable tourism is organized in such a way when tourists enjoy their rest and respect the environment and culture of local people. The World Tourism Organization made a special program which is aimed at development of sustainable tourism.

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