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Scientific measurement

In scientific research, data is gathered. In biology laboratories, mathematical data is also used. To be understood easily and fully everywhere in the world, there must be one system used by scientists.

That's why, in such research, the IS (International System of Measurement) stan­dards are used. The metric system is com­monly used, in which the meter is the unit of length, the gram is the unit of mass, and the second is the unit of time. Among these, some that are used especially in the biology laboratory are as follows:

Length

The unit of length is the meter. Other units are arranged in relation to the meter. For instance, 1m=100cm; centi-means 1/100, so a centimeter is 1/100 meter. That means there are 100 centimeters in 1 meter.

Mass

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. The units of mass are the gram and kilogram. 1 kg =1,000 g = 1,000,000 mg.

Volume

Volume is the amount of space an object occupies. Its unit is the liter.

Time

The unit of time is the second. In a minute there are 60 sec­onds, and one hour is 60 minutes.

Temperature

To measure temperature, there are three familiar scales: Cel­sius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F) and Kelvin (K).

The unit of temperature commonly used all over the world is the degree Celsius (°C).

Glassware

Besides the microscope, dissection kits, certain chemicals and dyes, and mod­els and posters, the glassware above is commonly used for practical work in the biology laboratory.

Reagents (Indicators)

In biology laboratories, special solutions and dyes are used as indicators, to identify various substances. The most commonly used indicators are shown in the table.

As seen, if glucose reacts with Fehling or Benedict solu­tion, the color of the solution changes to red.

Lab safety

The laboratory has the potential to be either a safe place or a dangerous place. The difference depends on your knowledge of and adherence to safe laboratory practices. As a result, it is very important that you read the informa­tion provided here. A few basic rules for working safely in the laboratory include the following:

General rules

1-Always keep your work area clean.

2-Wear proper safety clothing.

3-Wear proper eye protection.

4-Read all directions for an experiment several times.

5-Follow the direction exactly as they are written.

6-Be careful not to spill any material in the lab.

7-Always wash your hands before and after each experiment.

8-Do not eat or drink in the lab

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