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Past Modals

Past Modals have the following uses:

• possibility about a past situation – The misunderstanding may/ might / could have been caused by a lack of communication.

• advice about a past situation – They should have/ought to have organised the meeting before.

• deductions about a past situation – The team must have been very exhausted after working all weekend (positive). He can’t have done his work properly (negative).

E. Choose the correct form of the modal verbs in bold:

1. All hobbies can’t be / mustn’t be a waste of time, surely!

2. There must have been / should have been some mistake: those are not the plants.

3. She might have been / must have been there but there were so many people that I can’t say for sure.

4. Gardens may have been / could have been embedded in the British consciousness over the past 200 years.

5. British gardens must have been / might have been one of the most fundamental human experiences.

6. British gardens should have / ought to be meant to display the culture of their owners.

7. Napoleon could have been / must have been right when he called England a nation of shopkeepers.

8. In Britain gardening now can’t be / mustn’t be a language difficult to understand.

9. They should have / ought to be called a nation of gardeners.

10. Today the enthusiasm for gardening must / may encompass every sector of society.

F. Make deductions about the following past situations:

Model: Lisa was busy when she set the dead line. (time to plan things properly) – She can’t have had time to plan things properly.

1. The group didn’t meet the deadline. (not enough time)

2. The instructions weren’t clear. (the team / misled)

3. The employee had to work overtime every day last week. (not happy)

4. All the other employees were waiting for the results of my work. (they / embarrassed)

5. The meeting was not a success. (participants / disappointed)

6. He failed executing the project. (he had not completed the planning)

7. There was a mistake in the budget. ( we / came in under budget)

8. New employees were recruited. (the efficiency of the team’s work/ increased)

9. We got the figures late. (we/ went over budget)

10. The team met regularly to discuss the progress. (they / succeeded)

Читайте також:

1. B. Translate into Russian paying attention to the modals verbs. Identify the meanings of these modal verbs.
2. C. Grammar Expansion: Modals verbs of certainty, probability, possibility
3. GRAMMAR: MODALS
4. Modals.

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