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Read and translate the text in a written form.

Science had its origin in some distant era when people began to show desire to know about their environment and to record what they saw. In time, studies of these observations led to the idea that nature is knowable, that it operates according to "laws". The actual birth of science took place in prehistoric times, pro­bably in Egypt and Babylonia, more than 2000 years before our era. But true progress in science did not begin until about the sixth century before our era, when the Greek civilization began to flourish. The next 500 years was the age of the great philosophers of anti­quity - Pythagorus, Aristotle, Archimedes and others.

Archimedes discovered some of the basic laws governing me­chanisms and floating bodies. To Archimedes we owe the first ap­plication of mathematics to the description of nature. He was very far in advance of his time.

In the period from the Greeks to the Renaissance few contribu­tions were made to the development of science. First in importance among the scientific achievements of the Renaissance was the idea that the sun, rather than the earth, is the centre of our system of sun, moon, and planets. At the beginning of the sixteenth century the prevailing idea was that of an earth-centered universe, as de­scribed by Ptolomy.

The Polish astronomer N. Copernicus assumed that the earth is merely - one of the planets and that all of them moved about the sun. It is hard now to understand the courage required to advance an idea of this nature because of the great wave of opposition which confronted Copernicus.

Word List:

2. Answer the followings questions:

1. When did science have its origin?

2. When did the true progress in science begin?

3. What were the next 500 years called?

4. What was the first in importance idea among the scientific achievements of the Renaissance?

5. What were the ideas of Ptolomy and N. Copernicus?

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