The dangers of subtractive bilingualism for the non-native speakers in our school are obviously not so strong as, say, for the children of immigrants to the USA. Nevertheless, we should do all we can to demonstrate to non-native English students that their cultures and languages are equally as valid and valued as the Anglo/American culture and English language that inevitably dominates school life. Teachers and departments should explore every possibility to incorporate the different cultural backgrounds of our students into their daily teaching and curricula.
Instruction:When writing the summary there are three main requirements:
The summary should cover the original as a whole.
Organize your notes into an outline which includes main ideas and supporting points but no examples or details (dates, numbers, statistics).
Write an introductory paragraph that begins with a frame, including an in-text citation of the source and the author as well as a reporting verb to introduce the main idea.
The main idea or argument needs to be included in this first sentence of your summary. Then mention the major aspects/factors/reasons that are discussed in the article. If ytou Want to quote directly from the text, remember to give a full reference for this citation at the end of the summary.
For a one-paragraph summary, discuss each supporting point in a separate sentence. Give 1-2 explanations for each supporting point, summarizing the information from the original.
For a multi-paragraph summary, discuss each supporting point in a separate paragraph. Introduce it in the first sentence (topic sentence). In a longer summary, remind your reader that you are paraphrasing by using "reminder phrases," such as:
The author goes on to say that ...
The article (author) further states that ...
(Author's last name) also states/maintains/argues that ... (Author's last name) also believes that ...
(Author's last name) concludes that
The material should be presented in a neutral fashion.
The summary should be a condensed version of the material, presented in your own words.
Do not include anything that does not appear in the original.
Do not include your own comments or evaluation.
And be sure to identify your source.
Restate the article’s/paper’s conclusion in one sentence.