Beowulf.

Heroic epic (7/8th).The oldest poem in Germanic literature. Built up of several songs arranged in 3 chapters.Based on old legends about the tribal life of the ancient teutons language – Late West Saxon.

Borrowing in NE

Most of foreign words retained a foreign appearance:spelling,stress.

1.French:-diplomatic term – attaché

-social life:ball,notel

-art-essay

-fashion-blouse,dress

2.Italian-musical terms:aria,concerto

-culture:balcony,design

-literature:replica,sonnet

3.Spanish-polit.fields:armada,embargo

-food:banana,chocolate

4.Dutch:trade:pack,cruise

art-landscape

5.German:-science:cobalt

-phylosophy:transcendental

6.Russian-beluga,komsomol,vodka,samovar,sputnik.

Latin loans in English.

The IE stratum of words is the oldest.

1.The first layer of Lat. borrowings – brought by anglo-saxon from the continent.They denote concrete odj-s,units of measure:street,kitchen,lamb,wine,dish,pillow.

‘castra’(camp)-names of cities: e.g.Manchester,Lancaster.

‘colonia’:Lincoln,Colchester.

‘portus’:port.

‘strana’:Stratford.

2.Christianity

-connected with religion e.g.anthem,angel,devil

-dealing with learning e.g.school,master

Some words were made on the Latin pattern e.g.Gospel(Евангелие) – God spel(благая весть).

Scandinavian loans in English.

Scand.influence 8th c.

1.there were no great social difference between the scand.&anglo-saxon people.They belonged to the same social layers&had equal rights:-mixed marriages- assimilate.of people.

2.blending of scan.&English dealects(northeast)

3.the Eng.&Sc.belong to the same German group. People could easily understand each other

4.the influence was felt in the 2 spheres:-vocabulary,-morphology

Most loan-word denote familiar common things:bag,skin. Preserved in ME: band, call, add, hit, rule, sky, skirt, window, from.

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Major types of word formation in OE.	\|	Major vowel changes in NE.

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