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Workers in many industries are organized into unions which attempt to protect their members' interests. These are known as labor unions in the US, and as trade unions in Britain, because they are largely organized according to area of work or skill: there are unions for railway workers, electricians, bank employees, teachers, and so on. In other countries, such as France, unions are largely political: workers in different industries join a union with a particular political position.

The primary function of unions is to attempt to ensure fair wages, reasonable working hours and safe working conditions for their members. Unions take part in collective bargaining with employers. They can also pursue with management the grievances of individual employees, and defend workers who consider that they have been victimized. For example, they might insist on the reinstatement of a worker who was unfairly sacked.

When unions are dissatisfied with the results of collective bargaining, their most powerful weapon is to go on strike. Workers on strike sometimes picket their place of work i.e. they stand outside the entrance, trying to persuade other workers and delivery drivers not to enter. Of course striking workers do not get paid, so unions sometimes take other forms of industrial action such as a go-slow (GB) or slowdown (US), or a work-to-rule, when they begin to obey every rule and regulation, including those which are generally disregarded, which severely reduces the amount of work done.

Labour relations are usually better in companies, or industries, or whole countries, where employers consider unions as necessary partners, to be regularly consulted on matters which concern them.

4.9. Дайте відповіді на запитання.

4.9.1. Give a definition of a trade union or a labour union. Explain your choice of the definition.

4.9.2. What is the primary function of such unions?

4.9.3. How do trade unions achieve best results?

4.9.4. What happens when politics interferes with the work of trade unions?

4.9.5. What can make labour relations better?

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