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1) The first non-Euclidean geometries arose in the exploration of disputing Euclid’s notoriousFifth Postulate. (1)
2) The proof of the Fifth Euclidean Postulate fueledthe argument that the parallel postulate should be a theorem. (1)
3) The 17th-18th century Italian geometerGirolamo Saccheri tried to prove Parallel Postulate using a reductio ad absurdum argument, but he stopped halfway. (2)
4) The honour to become the first non-Euclidean geometer was saved for Janos Bolyai and Nikolai Lobachevsky. (1)
5) Janos Bolyai and Nikolai Lobachevsky discovered thatlines curved toward each otherwhat is logically coherent and feasible alternative to Euclidean geometry, which asserts that the distance between any two lines is constant. (2)
6) Gauss and Adrien-Marie Legendre conducted experiments that led them to conclude that the sum of the angles of a triangle can be less than 180 degrees, but their attempts failed because of some reasons. (2)
7) Riemann constructed infinitely many possible non-Euclidean geometries and provided the logical foundation for elliptic geometry, which states that through a given point not on a given line, no parallel lines exist. (2)
8) Elliptic and, mainly, hyperbolic geometry were useful notably in Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity. (1)
9) In order to grasp non-Euclidean geometry fully and do original work in it, one must have a good working knowledge in various fields of mathematics. (1)
10) Other examples of a non-Euclidean geometry include affine geometry, modern projective geometries, line geometry, algebraic geometry, enumerative geometry, taxicab geometry and so on. (1)
8. Опираясь на упражнения к тексту и сам текст, составьте по памяти 10-15 предложений по теме ²Non-Euclidian Geometry².