GRAMMAR

The Irish word for "on" is "ar" (er). It usually aspirates the initial consonant of the next word, although there are many exceptions to this, as you will see. Here are examples of usage of "ar":

ar Shéamas (er HAY*-muhs), on James

ar charr (er K*AHR), on a car

ar mo charr (er muh K*AHR), on my car

ar an gcarr, on the car

féach ar an mbean (FAY*-uhk* er un MAN), look at the woman

In many common expressions, there is no aspiration of the following consonant:

ar buile (er BWIL-e), angry

ar crocadh (er KROHK*-uh), hanging

ar díol (er DEE-uhl), for sale

ar ball (er BOUL), presently

Like "ag" and "le", the preposition "ar" joins with "mé, tú, sé", etc, to form words meaning "on me, on you, on him", etc. Learn these forms thoroughly now, to be ready for the Drill below.

orm (OH-rum), on me

ort (OH-ruht), on you

air (er), on him

uirthí(IR-ee), on her

orainn (OH-rin), on us

oraibh (OH-riv), on you (pl)

orthu (OHR-huh), on them

An important use for "ar" is in such expressions as "I am angry" or "he is afraid". In Irish, these can become "Táfearg orm" (taw* FAR-uhg OH-ruhm), there is anger on me; and "Táeagla air" (taw* AH-gluh er), there is fear on him. Often sickness, too, is "on" a person, in sentences such as "Táslaghdán uirthi" (taw* sleye-DAY*N IR-ee) there is a cold on her.

VOCABULARY

Masculine nouns

mac (mahk), son

áthas, an t-áthas (AW*-huhs, un TAW*-huhs), joy, happiness

brÛn (brohn), sorrow

ocras, an t-ocras (OHK-ruhs, un TOHK-ruhs), hunger

tart (TAHR-ruht), thirst

amhras, an t-amhras (OU-ruhs, un TOU-ruhs), doubt

ionadh, an t-ionadh (OON-uh, an TOON-uh), surprise

Feminine nouns

eagla, an eagla (AH-gluh), fear

fearg, an fhearg (FAR-ruhg, un AR-ruhg), anger

náire (NAW*-re), shame

imní, an imní(IM-nee), anxiety

iníon, an iníon (in-EEN, un in-EEN), daughter

mínigh, ag míniú(uh MEEN-yoo), explain

mhíníomar (veen-EE-uh-muhr), we explained

cleacht, ag cleachtadh (klak*t, uh KLAK*-tuh), practice

glaoigh, ag glaoch (GLAY*-ee, uh GLAY*-uhk) ar (er), call on, telephone

anocht (uh-NOHK*T), tonight

aréir (uh-RAY*R), last night

anuraidh (un-NOOR-ree), last year

DRILL

Go through a progressive drill with "ar" and the pronouns, starting with:

An bhfuiláthas orm? Níláthas orm. Tááthas ort. An bhfuiláthas ort? Níláthas ort. Tááthas air. An bhfuiláthas air? etc. Your last sentence will be: Tááthas orm.

Repeat the progressive drill with as many of these words as possible: brÛn, fearg, eagla, ocras, tart, náire, imní, amhras, ionadh.

"Cad táair?" (kahd taw* er) means "What's wrong with him?" Aks this question and then answer it with some of the vocabulary words. For example: Cad táair? TábrÛn air. Make use of "Cad táort? Cad táoraibh?" etc.

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