Grammar

In Irish, you say "Táséag rith" for "He is running". "Beidh séag rith" means "He will be running". With certain verbs, meaning sitting, standing, lying, sleeping, walking, and residing, the form is a little different. For those, we say "He is in his sitting" or "They are in their standing", for example, and the Irish for these two examples is: "Táséina shuí." "Tásiad ina seasamh."

Here are some more complete examples of this:

táméi mo shuí(taw* may* i muh HEE), I am sitting

tátúi do shuí(i duh HEE), you are sitting

táséina shuí(in-uh HEE), he is sitting

tásíina suí(in-uh SEE), she is sitting

táimid inár suí(TAW*-mid in-aw*r SEE), we are sitting

tásibh in bhur suí(taw* shiv in vwoor SEE), you are sitting

táMáire ina suí(taw* MAW*-re in-uh SEE), Mary is sitting

táméi mo sheasamh (taw* may* i muh HAS-uhv), I am standing

tátúi do sheasamh (i duh HAS-uhv), you are standing

táséina sheasamh (in-uh HAS-uhv), he is standing

tásíina seasamh (in-uh SHAS-uhv), she is standing

táimid inár seasamh (in-aw*r SHAS-uhv), we are standing

tásiad ina seasamh (in-uh SHAS-uhv), they are standing

táSeán ina sheasamh (in-uh HAS-uhv), John is standing

The negative and questions are formed by merely changing "tá" to "níl" or "an bhfuil." Past and future tense also merely change "tá". For example, "I will be standing here" is "Beidh méi mo sheasamh anseo" (be may* i muh HAS-uhv un-SHUH).

These verb forms are annoying at first because you find it slow to get the proper aspiration or eclipsis. "My, your, his" all aspirate, and "our, your (plural), their" all eclipse. Practice helps on this.

Other verbs in this group are:

luigh (li), i mo luí(i muh LEE), lie (lie down)

dúisigh (DOO-shee), i mo dhúiseacht (i muh GOO-shahk*t), be awake

codlaigh (KUHL-ee), i mo chodladh (i muh K*UHL-uh), sleep

cónaigh (KOHN-ee), i mo chónaí(i muh K*OHN-ee), dwell, reside

And finally, "táim i mo thost" (TAW*-im i muh HUHST) means "I am silent".

Drill

Progressive drill is important for these verbs. Make sure that you go through at least one drill for each of the verbs, so that the changes, including those caused by aspiration and eclipsis, become familiar to you.

Start with a simple one: luigh (li), pronounced with the tongue spread wide and pushed against the upper front teeth.

An bhfuil méi mo luí? (un vwil may* i muh LEE), Am I lying down? Níl méi mo luí. Tátúi do luí. An bhfuil túi do luí? Níl túi do luí. Táséina luí. An bhfuil séina luí? Níl séina luí. Tásíina luí. An bhfuil síina luí? Níl síina luí. Táimid inár luí. (TAW*-mid in-aw*r LEE). An bhfuilimid inár luí? Nílimid inár luí. Tásibh in bhur luí. (in vwoor LEE). An bhfuil sibh in bhur luí? Níl sibh in bhur luí. Tásiad ina luí. An bhfuil siad ina luí? Níl siad ina luí. Táméi mo luí.

Another example: An bhfuilim i mo chónaí(i muh K*OHN-ee) ansin? Nílim i mo chónaíansin. Tátúi do chónaíansin. (i duh K*OHN-ee un-SHIN). An bhfuil túi do chónaíansin? Etc. The last two sentences will be: Níl siad ina gcónaíansin (in-uh GOHN-ee un-SHIN). Táim i mo chónaíansin.

Next, read these sentences. If you can not understand them, look at the translation below.

Bhísíina codladh (in-uh KUHL-uh). An mbeidh sibh in bhur seasamh ar an gcosán? (un ME shiv in vwoor SHAS-uhv er un guh-SAW*N) Níbheimid. Dúirt ségo rabhamar inár dtost ansin (DOO-irt shay* goh ROU-uh-muhr in aw*r DUHST un-SHIN). Nach mbeimid inár gcónaísa chathair? (nahk* ME-mid in aw*r GOHN-ee suh K*AH-hir) Beidh sibh (be shiv). Níbhíonn túi do shuíanseo (nee VEE-uhn too i duh HEE un-SHUH). Nár chuala túgo raibh siad ina ndúiseacht? (naw*r K*OO-uh-luh too goh rev SHEE-uhd in-uh NOO-shahk*t) Chonaic ménach raibh séina luí(k*uh-NIK may* nahk* rev shay* in-uh LEE).

Translation: She was sleeping. Will you be standing on the sidewalk? we won't. He said that we were silent there. Won't we be living in the city? You will. You are not usually sitting here. Didn't you hear that they were awake. i saw that he wasn't lying down.

As you can see from these examples, these verbs can be combined in the same way as ordinary verbs to form more involved statements and questions. The verbs have other forms, too; for example, to say "He sleeps here," use "Codlaíonn séanseo: (kuhl-EE-uhn shay* un-SHUH).

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Masculine nouns	\|	Irish Lesson 55

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