The fourth declension of nouns

This group of nouns is the simplest in one respect: the genitive or possessive form is the same as the basic or nominative form. An example: bosca (BOHSK-uh), an bosca, an bhosca, na boscaí(BOHSK-ee); box, the box, of the box, the boxes.

The word bosca is masculine. A feminine noun of this declension is banaltra (BAHN-uhl-truh), an bhanaltra, na banaltra, na banaltraí(nuh BAHN-uhl-tree); nurse, the nurse, of the nurse, the nurses.

There are several plural endings in this declension. One common one is an "-í" (ee) added to nouns ending in "-a"

Examples: Masculine

babhta (BOU-tuh), an babhta, an bhabhta (VWOU-tuh), na babhtaí; bout, etc.

cárta (KAW*R-tuh), an cárta, an chárta, na cártaí; card, etc.

fógra (FOHG-ruh), an fógra, an fhógra (OHG-ruh), na fógraí; notice, advertisement, etc.

Feminine

bearna (BAR-nuh), an bhearna (VAR-nuh), na bearna, na bearnaí; gap, blank space in a questionnaire, etc.

eala (AH-luh), an eala, na heala, na healaí; swan, etc.

mala (MAHL-uh), an mhala (VWAHL-uh), na mala, na malaí; eyebrow, etc.

Not all fourth-declension nouns ending in "-a" form their plural in this way. Another way: Most masculine fourth-declension nouns ending in "-ín" (een) add "-í" for the plural. Examples:

cailín, an cailín, an chailín, na cailíní; girl, etc.

toitín (ti-TYEEN), an toitín, an toitín, na toitíní; cigarette, etc.

gairdín (gahr-DEEN), an gairdín, an ghairdín, na gairdíní; garden, etc.

Here are some phrases that contain some fourth-declension nouns in various forms:

ar eagla na heagla (ah-gluh); in fear of fear, meaning "just in case, to be on the safe side."

láan dreoilín (droh-LEEN); wren day.

duine na dúiche (DOO-i-he); a person of the district.

ar shlína firinne (er hlee nuh FEER-in-ye); (literally: on the way of the truth), gone to eternal reward, dead.

Vocabulary of fourth-declension nouns

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Adjectives	\|	Masculine (firinscneach)

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