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Tone Group III.

TUNES:

1. High Fall (+ Tail).

2. Low Pre-head + High Fall (+Tail).

3. (Low Pre-Head +) Low Head + High Fall (+Tail).

STATEMENTS.

These are just as definite and complete as those with Tone Groups I and II, but they lack the detachment and dispassionateness of the latter, expressing rather a personal concern or involvement in the situation; they sound more lively and interested, sometimes surprised, always more airy and lighter in mood than with Tone Group I or II. Because of this, statements with Tone Group III are particularly common in conversation, where it is so often necessary to show active interest in what is going on.

Examples:

It would be possible to use Tone Group I in all these examples, but the element of liveliness would then be replaced by calm matter-of-factness or grimness. When a Low Head precedes the High-Falling nuclear tone, the attitude expressed is one of querulous or disgruntled protest.

Examples:

SPECIAL QUESTIONS.

These express a lively and interested reaction to the situation.

Examples:

When the interrogative word precedes the nucleus such questions express a reaction to something very unexpected and, for that reason perhaps, not immediately pleasing to the questioner: this is very much the same effect as with statements.

Examples:

_ııWhy did you do ^\that? | It _ııwasn’t ^\necessary.

But _ııwhen did you ^\see him? | I _ııthought he was a^\broad.

_ııHow on _ııearth did they _ıımanage to ^\get _there? | The ^\road’s _flooded.

GENERAL QUESTIONS.

In comments, where the High Fall is on the special finite, the reaction is one of mild surprise but acceptance of the listener’s premises. It is more or less equivalent to a surprised repetition of the listener’s statement.

Examples:

With a dissenting word the question demands special scrutiny of an assumed fact.

Examples:

Question tags have the High Fall on the special finite when the previous statement has a High Fall in it, or when the preceding statement ends in a rise. In any case, as with Tone Group I, it expresses the speaker’s expectation of nothing but a confirmatory answer.

Examples:

It’s _ııabso _ıılutely ri^\diculous, | ^\isn’t it?

You’re _ıınot _/frightened, | ^\are you?

It’s ^all _/right, | ^\isn’t it?

It’s ^ænot im^{\ /}possible, | ^\is it?

When the nucleus follows the special finite, the question is offered as a subject for discussion rather than a request for information, exactly as with Tone Group I. The difference seems to be that with this tone group the speaker sees less chance of his suggestion being accepted as the right solution because it is an unexpected one. There may too be some suggestion of impatience with the listener for not seeng that this is the critical point. In effect the questioner says – “The only question that has to be settled is this and then the whole situation is clear.”

Examples:

COMMANDS.

Commands with Tone Group III show more warmth than with the previous tone groups, often connoting a critical surprise that such an obvious course should not have occurred to the listener.

Examples:

INTERJECTIONS.

Interjections with Tone Group III are more emotional, but also less weighty than those with Tone Group II.

Examples:

When the nucleus is preceded by the Low Head, as in the last two examples, there seems to be almost a sense of affronted surprise that the speaker’s expectations should have been so wildly wrong.

Assignments:

1. Listen to the recording of the “High Drop” on the tape. Put down the script and intonation marks of the mini dialogues you hear. Figure out what types of sentences the recorded drills are and what attitude do they convey according to the tune they are pronounced with. Prepare test reading of these mini dialogues in pairs.

2. Read the following drills in pairs. Follow the intonation marked in the text. Analyse them from the point of view of their connotations.

Intonation Drills:

STATESMENTS.

QUESTIONS.

COMMANDS.

INTERJECTIONS.

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