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Straightforward Statements

These are statements which convey information in a straightforward manner without any implications. They are pronounced with the nuclear Falling tone (high, mid or 1оw) which is normally carried by the last important word of an utterance and is commonly combined with a high level head:

e.g.: What time shall we meet?

'Let's make it Monday after noon.

Whenever it is necessary to give more prominence to all or some of the words in the prenuclear part of an utterance a stepping head (which may have a broken variant) or a sliding head are used:

e.g.:— 'Did she 'show you her birthday presents?

— Yes. She got a lovely present from her aunt.

Statements pronounced with any of the pitch varieties of the Falling tone are final, complete, definite and categoric in meaning. But straightforward statements with a High Fall sound light, energetic and have the effect of the speaker's personal involvement in the situation. A Low Fall gives a considered, serious and weighty note to a statement. Statements with a Mid Fall convey a neutral, calm and quiet attitude:

e.g.: — Why did he 'run a way?

— I 'haven't the 'slightest idea.

Implicatory Statements

Statements pronounced with the nuclear Falling-Rising tone (Divided or Undivided) are known as implicatory statements.

Due to the specific character of the Fall-Rise such utterances give the impression that the speaker wants his hearer to understand more than the words themselves convey. The additional meanings implied by this tone include contradiction, correction, contrast, hesita­tion, apology, cordiality, warning.

e.g.:

1 — It's one of the best German 'films I've seen.

—It's I talian. (correction)

2 — I think they have 'all finished writing their essays.

— Ann hasn't. (contrast)

3 — 'Let's go 'out and do the shopping now.

— But it hasn't stopped raining yet. (contradiction)

4 — It was his plan, wasn't it?

—I think so. (hesitation)

5 — We'll 'get there in half an hour or so.

—You are driving too fast, James. (warning)

6 — It's 'getting late.

—I can 'run you up to 'town in my car. (cordiality)

7 — You'll 'stay for tea, won't you?

—Perhaps some other time. (apology)

The nuclear Fall-Rise in implicatory statements can be preceded by different kinds of head (high level, stepping, falling), but a sliding head is the most typical.

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