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The brief content of the lecture

Lecture 1

Theme of the lecture: History of International Organizations Origination

The objective of the lecture.Students should know typology, legal bases, procedures and structure of the International Organizations.

Outline of the lecture

1. History of the International Organizations.

2. Typology of the International Organizations.

3. Legal bases of the International Organizations.

4. Procedures of the International Organizations.

5. Structure of the International Organizations.

6. International non-governmental organizations.

7. Investigations of the International Organizations.

The brief content of the lecture

I. Permanent International Organizations. Formed in the end of the XIX-beg XX cc. Formula of the origination of the International Organizations. Is: negotiations – conference – organization.

First International Organizations. Are:

a) Commission on navigation on Rhine (1831), formed on multisided base after Vienna Congress 1815;

b) In 1856 Commission on Navigation on Danube was formed on Paris Congress;

c) In 1839 High Public Health Council was formed in Constantinople;

d) In 1840 International Union on the base of World Convention against slavery was formed;

e) In 1863 first international non-governmental organization – International Red Cross Committee was founded.

In 1910-1914 212 organizations existed: 192 – non-governmental, 20 – intergovernmental. Official registration of the International Organizations. Is led Union of International Association, formed in Brussels in 1909.

Stages of the formation of the International Organizations:

1) Organizations, which were formed in the XIX c. (administrative unions);

2) Attempts of collaboration on universal level after the IWW (League of Nations);

3) Organizations, formed after the IIWW;

4) Organizations, formed after collapse of colonial system 60-s XX c.

After the IIWW International Organizations. The UNO, NATO, GATT, IMF, World Bank, Warsaw Pact, Mutual Economic Assistance Council, EU, Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development were formed.

Regional organizations: NAFTA, Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation, ASEAN, Asian Development Bank and others.

Successful integration processes in Europe:

In 1957 European Economic Community – Common Market – EU.

In the middle of 80-s about 1000 intergovernmental, and about 300 interstate organizations existed in the world.

International Organizations act on world, regional and sub regional levels. Some scientists consider, that two systems of the International Organizations exist (J.Layens):

1) Universal system of the UN, all states participate on the equal rights (excluding Security Council);

2) System, limiting membership and unites industrial developed states: NATO, EU, OESD, NAFTA etc.

II. International Organizations. are classified on next signs: participants, entrance order, membership character, competention and power:

a) On participants International Organizations. divide on world, or universal (UNO, World Post Union), and regional (OCSE, Central-European Initiative);

b) On entrance order International Organizations. are open and close. Open: any state enters to the International Organizations. on the of recognition of main documents: charter, convention etc. Close: assume availability of some criteria’s and state-members agreement (NATO);

c) On membership character International Organizations divide into interstate (CIS, UNO, NATO, OCSE), and intergovernmental (Red Cross, Soc Intern, International Amnesty);

d) On competention character: common and special competention. Common competention comprehends all spheres of cooperation (UNO, CIS). Special competention cooperates in special spheres (Universal Postal Union, Public Health Organization);

e) On power character International Organizations divide on interstate and over national:

- Interstate International Organizations form certain framework of cooperation. Their decisions have not compulsory character (Council of Europe, OCSE);

- Aim of over national organization is deeping of integration. Their decisions are compulsory (EU).

The same organization can be characterize in many measuring. For instance, CIS – is a regional, interstate, international organization of common competention.

III. Legislative base of the International Organizations is Constituent Act. Constituent Act is an international treaty, defines status, structure and mission of organization. It calls: Charter, Constitution, Statute, Convention, Pact act.

Flexible terminology uses in the title of the International Organizations: organization, federation, confederation, association, union, alliance, league, commonwealth, community and so on.

IV. Foundation of organization consists of stages:

- Adoption of Constituent document;

- Formation of material base;

- Convocation of main organs.

Legal norm regulate next questions:

1. Common order of meeting of the International Organizations:

- Structure of delegations and powers of representatives;

- Foundation of Committees;

- Official languages;

- Conduct of protocols;

- Duties of Secretary General and Secretariat.

2. Common and special rights of Chairman;

3. Special rights of representatives;

4. Methods adoption of decisions.

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