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Юриспунденкция

Самостійна робота №2

I Граматика

1 Present continuous or simple? (A-B)

At work Mark is talking to Alan in the corridor. Complete their conversation.

Put in the present continuous or simple of the verbs.

Mark: (►) Are you looking (you / look) for someone?

Alan: Yes, (►) / need (I / need) to speak to Neil. He isn't in his office.

Mark: (1)……………………………. (he / talk) to the boss at the moment.

(2)…………………………….. (I / think) (3)…………………………… (they / discuss) money.

Alan: Oh, right. And what about you? (4)…………………………….. (you / look) for someone too?

Mark: Yes, Linda. (5) (you / know) where she is?

Alan: Oh, she isn't here today. She only (6) (work) four days a week. (7) (she / not / work) on Fridays. She'll be here on Monday.

Mark: Thank you. (8) (you / know) a lot about Linda.

Alan: Well, most days (9) (I / give) her a lift, or(10) (she / give) me one. (11) ……………………..(she / live) quite close to me. (12) (it / save) petrol.

Mark: Yes, of course. Good idea. Yes, (13) (I/ agree). Well, (14) (I / waste) my time here then. I'll get back to my computer.

2 Present continuous or simple? (A-C)

Complete the sentences. Put in the present continuous or simple of the verbs.

► I'm writing (I / write) to my parents. / write (I / write) to them every weekend.

1 (it / snow) outside. (it / come) down quite hard, look.

2 Normally (I / start) work at eight o'clock, but (I / start) at seven this week. We're very busy at the moment.

3 I haven't got a car at the moment, so (I / go) to work on the bus this week. Usually (I / drive) to work.

4 The sun (rise) in the east, remember. It's behind us so (we / travel) west.

5 I'm afraid I have no time to help just now (I / write) a report. But (I / promise) I'll give you some help later.

6 (I / want) a new car (I / save) up to buy one.

3 Always (D)

Complete the sentences. Use always and the present continuous or simple.

► Melanie: Tom talks too much, doesn't he?

Rita: Yes, and he's always talking about football.

► Laura: You forget your keys every time.

Trevor: I try to remember them, but / always forget.

1 Claire: Sarah takes the train every day, doesn't she?

Mark: Yes, the train.

2 Vicky: Rachel misses lectures much too often in my opinion.

Emma: I agree lectures.

3 Mike: Every time I drive along here, I go the wrong way.

Harriet: But it's very simple, isn't it? Why wrong way?

4 David: Trevor and Laura argue much too often, I think.

Melanie: I know

ІІ Мовна практика

Discuss in writing:

We all need something to believe in.

ІІІ. РОБОТА З ТЕКСТОМ ЗАГАЛЬНОФАХОВОЇ ТЕМАТИКИ

1.Skimming Reading"Criminal Courts".

1.1 Read the text quickly and try to understand what it is about and what information is already known to you.

1.2 Write down the law terms, known to you, in Ukrainian.

1.3 Write a list of international words, used in the text. Use your dictionary to check their exact meaning.

1.4 Find in the text the sentence about establishing a government department in the "Serious Fraud Office".

2. Scanning Reading

2.1 Read the text "Criminal Courts" again.

2.2 Pick out an idea or a phrase, which you think is most informative or most interesting, from each part of text "Criminal Courts".

2.3 Pick out the law terms from the text, which you do not know. Refer to a dictionary or the glossary if necessary.

3. Text "Criminal Courts".

3.1 Read the text “Criminal Courts”

Criminal Courts

In England and Wales the initial decision to begin criminal proceedings normally lies with the police. Once the police have brought a criminal charge, the papers are passed to the Crown Prosecution Service which decides whether the case should be accepted for prosecution in the courts or whether the proceedings should be discontinued. In Scotland public prosecutors (procurators fiscal) decide whether or not to bring proceedings. In Northern Ireland there is a Director of Public Prosecutions. In England and Wales (and exceptionally in Scotland) a private person may institute criminal proceedings. Police may issue cautions, and in Scotland the procurator fiscal may warn, instead of prosecuting.

In April 1988 the Serious Fraud Office, a government department w established to investigate and prosecute the most serious and complex cases of fraud in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

England and Wales

The Crown Prosecution Service was established in England and Wailes I by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985. The Director of Public Prosecutions is the head of the Service, which is responsible for prosecution of criminal offences in magistrates' courts and the Crown Court. The Service is divided into 31 areas with a locally based Chief Crown Prosecutor, heading each. He is appointed by the Director of Public Prosecutions. The Service provides lawyers to prosecute cases in the magistrates' courts and briefs barristers to appear in the Crown Court. Although the decision to prosecute is generally delegated to the Chief Crown Prosecutors, some cases are dealt with by the headquarters of the Service; these include cases of national importance, exceptional difficulty or great ptiblic concern and those which require that suggestions of local influence be avoided. Such cases might include terrorist offences, breaches of the Official Secrets Act, large-scale conspiracies to import drugs and the prosecution police officers.

Scotland

Discharging his duties through the Crown office, the Lord Advocade is responsible for prosecutions in the High Court of Justiciary, sheriff courts and district courts. There is no general right of private prosecution; with a few minor exceptions crimes and offences may be prosecuted only by the Lord Advocate or his deputes or by the procurators fiscal, who are the Lord Advocate's local officials. The permanent adviser to the Lord Advocate on prosecution matters is the Crown Agent, who is head of the procurator fiscal service and is assisted in the Crown Office by a staff of legally qualified civil servants, all of whom have had experience as deputy procurators fiscal. Prosecutions in the High Court are prepared by procurators fiscal and Crown Office officials and prosecuted by the Lord Advocate, the Solicitor-General for Scotland (the Lord Advocate's ministerial deputy) and advocates deputy who are collectively known as Crown Counsel. Crimes prepared and tried before the sheriff and district courts, procurators fiscal prosecute them. The police and other law enforcement agencies investigate crimes and offences and report to the procurator fiscal, who decides whether or not to prosecute, subject to the directions of Crown Counsel.

Under the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1987 a procurator fiscal may make a conditional offer of fixed penalty to an alleged offender in respect of certain minor offences as an alternative to prosecution: the effender is not obliged to accept an offer but if he or she does so the prosecution loses the right to prosecute.

Northern Ireland

The Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland, who is ponsible to the Attorney General, prosecutes all offences tried on indictment, and may do so in summary cases of a serious nature. Other summary offences are prosecuted by the police.

4. Reading for General Understanding

4.1 Check the comprehension of the text "Criminal Courts" by listening to each question and choosing the answer, which you think, is correct.

The initial decision to begin criminal proceedings normally lies with the police

in England and Wales. i) no, it is not so; it is necessary to have a permission of local

authorities;

No, it is not so; it is necessary to have a permition of local authorities;

initial decision to begin criminal proceedings normally depends on the criminal court;

yes, it is true; it is normally a duty of the police service.

On bringing a criminal charge by the police the papers are passed the Crown Prosecution Service.

no, the papers are to be sent to the Magistrate;

yes, it is true, the papers are passed to the Crown Prosecution Service where a decision is made;

the police cannot bring a criminal charge.

The Crown Prosecution Service decides whether the case should be accepted for prosecution in the courts or whether the proceedings should be discontinued.

the Crown Prosecution Service normally does not deal with it;

the Crown Prosecution Service considers the case jointly with the Magistrate;

it is true.

4. Public prosecutors decide whether to bring proceedings or not in Scotland. .

a) no, in Scotland it is a function of the police service;

b) yes, it is true, in Scotland it is a direct function of procurators fiscal;

c) it is a joint function of the police and procurators fiscal.

5. A private person may institute criminal proceedings in England, Wales and Scotland.

a) yes, it is true, there are not any obstacles;

b) a private person may institute proceedings only with the approval of the police service;

c) a private person cannot begin criminal proceedings independently.

6. The Serious Fraud Office, a government department was established in 1988.

a) this department was established long ago it hi. been functional since 1951;

b) this department does not exist in England;

c) yes, such a department was established in April 1988 to investigate and prosecute the most serious and complex . ases of hand in Englan' Wales and Northern Ireland.

7. In 1985 the Crown Prosecution Service was established in Engh and Wales.

a) this service has been in existence in England and Wales since 1930;

b) yes, it is true, it was established by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985;

c) this service was established only in England in 1980.

8. Each area in England and Wales is headed by a locally based Chief Crown Prosecutor.

a) no, it is not so. Chief Crown Proseeuim i. responsible for the work of three areas at the minimum;

b) yes, it is true. The Director of Public Prosecutions appoints Chief Crown Prosecutor in every area out of 31areas,

c) it is not quite so, as two or three Chief Cfown Prosecutors appointed in every area.

9. The cases of national importance, exceptional difficulty or great public concern are delegated to the Chief Crown Prosecutors or to the headquarters of the Service.

a) no, it is not always like that; normally in the magistrates' court lawyers are provided to prosecute cases and barristers are supposed appear in the Crown Court no matter how important the case is;

b) lawyers and barristers act as prosecutors considering the suggestions of local influence;

c) yes, it is true; they include cases of national importance exceptional difficulty and might include terrorist offences, breaches of Official Secrets Act, large-scale conspiracies to import drugs and prosecution of police officers.

10. The Lord Advocate is responsible for prosecutions in the High f Justiciary, sheriff courts and district courts in Scotland.

a) it is not quite so, as the Lord Advocate should get sanctions either from the local authorities or from Head of the Police Service;

b) it is true, in this way the Lord Advocate discharges his duties through the Crown Office;

c) in Scotland these are not the Lord Advocate's functions.

11. The permanent adviser to the Lord Advocate on prosecution matters is the Crown Agent who is head of the procurator fiscal service.

a) yes, it is true, in addition, the Crown Agent is assisted in the, Crown Office by a staff of legally qualified civil servants;

b) yes, it is true, the Crown Agent is head of the procurator fiscal service and he is assisted by a staff of police officers;

c) the permanent adviser to the Lord Advocate is not head of the procurator fiscal service.

12. Under the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1987 a procurator may make a conditional offer of fixed penalty to an alleged offender.

a) it is not true, this matter is only under consideration;

b) it is true, but it is so only in respect of certain minor offences as an alternative to prosecution;

c) this Act was adopted in 1987 but with the growth of crime it was abolished in 1993.

4.2 Pick out from the text "Criminal Courts" all the word imhinations with the following words (terms) and give their Ukrainian equivalents.

- proceeedings -court

-criminal - service

- prosecution; to prosecute - case

- procurator - local

- charge - responsible

- offence -advocate

5. Reading for Detail and Language Study

5.1 Find in the text "Criminal Courts" the English equivalents for the following phrases:

- почати карне судочинство;

- карне обвинувачення;

- приватна особа;

- винести обвинувачення;

- підтримувати (відповідати за) обвинувачення по карних злочинах;

- головний королівський обвинувач;

- деякі справи передають в штаб служби:

- суди шерифа і районні суди;

- цивільні службовці, що мають юридичну кваліфікацію;

- розслідувати злочини і правопорушення.

5.2 Explain the meanings of the following words expressions.

- the Crown Prosecution Service;

- public prosecutors (procurators fiscal);

- to issue cautions;

- to prosecute;

- The Serious Fraud Office;

- the Director of Public Prosecutions:

- to appear in the Crown Court;

- cases of national importance;

- the Lord Advocate;

- the permanent adviser;

- an alternative to prosecution.

6. Written Practice

6.1 Answer the questions on the text "Criminal Courts":

Who is responsible for beginning criminal proceedings in England and Wales?

Where do the police pass the papers after they have brought a criminal charge?

Who decides whether or not to bring proceedings in Scotland?

May a private person institute criminal proceedings?

Is it interesting to know if police may issue cautions in England and Wales?

When and what for was the Serious Fraud Office established?

What is known to you about the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985?

What are the duties of the Director of Public Prosecutions?

What do you know about the structure of the Crown Prosecution Service?

What does the Service provide lawyers to do?

11. What cases do the headquarters of the Service deal with?

12.Which offences are included into the category of national importance?

13. What can you say about the duties of the Lord Advocate in Scotland?

14. What are the functions of the Crown Agent in Scotland?

15. Who prepares prosecutions in the High Court?

16. How are the cases prepared in Scotland before the sheriff and district courts?

17. What do you know about the Criminal Justice (Scotland) 1987?

18. How are Public Prosecutions exercised in Northern Ireland?

ІV. ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНЕ ЧИТАННЯ ( обсяг 15 тис. друкованих знаків газетного тексту).

1.Прочитайте та перекладіть статті.

2.Випишіть та запам’ятайте 20 ключових слів.

3. Підготуйте усний переказ прочитаного

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Самостійна робота №1	\|	Самостійна робота №3

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