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THE GOVERNMENT OF GREAT BRITAIN

Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. Officially, the head of the state is the Queen. She is an integral part of the legislature and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The power of the Queen in Britain is not absolute but constitutional. She acts only on the advice of the ministers, her powers are limited by Parliament.

The legislative power is vested in the Queen and Parliament made up of two Houses -the House of Lords and the House of Commons, the supreme legislative body is the British Parliament which exists since 1265. It is the oldest Parliament in the world. The House of Lords is a non-elected chamber. The titles and seats are inherited there. The House of Commons is a nation-wide representative body. It is elected by a universal suffrage, which was intro­duced in 1918. The Commons has 650 elected Members of Parliament (MPs). They are granted a salary for their parliamentary work. They are elected by the general election, which is to be held every 5 years:

There is no written constitution in the country. The term "English Constitution" means the leading principles, conventions, laws and statutes.*The British constitution does not provide written guarantees of individual political rights.

As a rule, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party that has won the election and has the majority in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister appoints the ministers to compose the government. The ministers who have gained the confidence of the Prime Minister are presented to the monarch for the formal approval. Thus the Cabinet is formed. It is presided over by the Prime Minister and controls and runs the national affairs. About 20 ministers are in the Cabinet - the senior group takes major policy decisions. The second largest party forms the official Opposition, with its own leader and "shadow cabinet". The Opposition has a duty to criticize government policies and to present an alternative pro­gram.

III. Post-reading stage:

2. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following:

• to belong • to act on the advice of the ministers

• parliamentary work • to gain the confidence

• the head of the government • formal approval

• written guarantee • tribunal

• to form the cabinet

3. Give English equivalents for the following:

• державні справи • глава системи правосуддя

• законодавча влада • повноваження королеви

• призначати платню • обмежені парламентом

• верховна влада • представник держави

• збройні сили • пряме голосування

4. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use the phrases:

Exactly so Sure (ly), I agree with you, It is really so, Of course/On the contrary, It is not quite s&; I can't agree with you, You are wrong

1. The Prime Minister presides over the Cabinet

2. The Parliament limits the powers of the Queen.

3. The Cabinet is headed by the Queen.

4. The Queen and the Parliament exercise the legislative power.

5. The seats in the House of Lords are not inherited.

6. The universal suffrage was introduced in 1928.

7. The power of the Queen in Britain is Absolute.

5. Answer the following questions:

1. What kind of state is Great Britain?

2. Who is officially the head of state?

3. What is the structure of the political system of Great Britain?

4. In whose hands is the legislative power in Great Britain?

5. What is the body of the legislative power?

6. What does the term "English Constitution" mean?

7. What kind of Parliament has Great Britain?

8. When was the British Parliament formed?

9. Who usually becomes the Prime Minister?

10. Howoften are general elections held?

11. Who is the head of the Government?

12. How many chambers are there in the British Parliament?

13. What are the functions of the Parliament?

IV. Practice Drills:

1. Study the chart "Great Britain" (Parliamentary Monarchy and Political Parties) and discuss information in the form of questions and answers.

Great Britain (Parliamentary Monarchy)

Parliament - the supreme legislative body __________Government___________

the House of The House of The Sovereign The Prime Minister

Commons Lords (King or Queen) (the leader of the Party of the

(elected, 635 (not elected, about reigns, but does majority)

M.P. 450 seats) 1000 peers not rule _______________' _______

The Speaker The Lord Chancel- The centre of The Cabinet The official

(presiding offi- lor (Speaker of the pomp and cere- (appointed residence

cer of the House of Lord) mony (the speech by the (Downing

House of from the Throne; Prime Min- Street. 10)

Commons) the changing of ister)

Residence: Buckingham Palace

The Power

(hereditary, not elective)

Great Britain (Main Political Parties)

The Conservative the Labour Party the Liberal Party The Communist Party

Party (Tory) (re- (professes socialists (represents mer- (organized in 1920,

presents the mo- aims; practical pro- chants, finance defends the interests of

nopolists and land- gramme - capitalist capitalists, landed working people and

owners) reorganization) aristocracy) socialism)

2. Role play the following situations:

Situation 1.You are invited to take part in the discussion about Great Britain. Make a report on political life of the country. Describe your own impressions of visiting Great Britain. Be ready to answer students' questions.

Situation 2.You are in the plane flying from Ukraine to Great Britain. Ask the guide questions on rivers, mountains, lakes, natural resources, industrial centres of Great Britain.

Usefulexpressions:

You should see - Вам треба було б подивитись.

May I give you some suggestions? - Можна я дам Вам кілька пропозицій? I'd like to give you apiece of advice - Я б хотів Вам порадити. Most willingly - охоче; I'd be grateful for your advice - Був би вдячний за Вашу пораду.

UNIT 1.3. UKRAINE

(Лексичний мінімум основ міжкультурної свідомості з визначенням

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9. ONE OF THE GREATEST COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
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12. Read the texts about the British Queen for more information about Great Britain.

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