III. Choose the right option to complete the sentences below

1. The research team that worked on the project included scientists from …

b) the USA and Great Britain

c) Germany and the USA

d) Great Britain and South Africa

2. The results were reported in the …

a) journal The Nature b) Internet c) journal Cell

3. The Neanderthals that coexisted with modern humans in Europe were …

a) larger and stronger b) smaller and weaker c) more primitive

4. The material or the research was retrieved from a Neanderthal …

a) scull b) arm bone c) pelvic bone

5. The DNA used by the scientists was …

a) mitochondrial DNA b) nuclear DNA c) DNA of both types

6. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from …

a) both parents b) father c) mother

7. The area of the Neanderthal DNA where the scientists identified the sequence of 378 base pairs is called …

a) a hyperactive region 1

b) a hypervariable region 1

c) a supervariable region 2

8. The sequences of the Neanderthal DNA were compared to the corresponding sequences of DNA for …

a) 994 modern human lineages

b) 94 modern human lineages

c) 900 modern human lineages and 94 modern great apes lineages

9. On average the Neanderthal DNA differs from the modern human DNA in the region studied by …

a) 72 – 82 base pairs b) 27 – 28 base pairs c) 17 – 18 base pairs

10. The results of the research suggest that …

a) humans might have been the descendants of Neanderthals

b) humans and Neanderthals might have interbred

c) human and Neanderthals are in a distant relation

IV. Reconstruct the following extract from the text about Neanderthals. Listen to the fragment again and check yourselves

The researchers compared the Neanderthal _______ _______to sequences in the same region of DNA for 994 modern _______ _______, which included Australians, Pacific Islanders, _______, Asians, Native _______, and Europeans. The Neanderthal DNA sequence differed from all the modern _______ DNA by either 27 or 28 _______ _______. In comparison, modern human sequences in this _______ of DNA differ from each other on average by _______ base pairs. As a result, the researchers concluded that _______ and modern humans are _______ relations. Extrapolating from their findings, the study authors estimated that Neanderthals _______ from early modern humans 550,000 to 690,000 _______ ago. The work indicates that although human beings and Neanderthals _______ for many thousands of years, they probably did not _______ and Neanderthals are not in our direct line of _______.

WRITING AND SPEAKING

Write a summary of the text “Anthropogenesis” in 200 words using the vocabulary of Lesson 1. Get ready to present it in class

Lesson 2

EVOLUTION

PRE-READING TASKS

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III. Translate the sentences below into English	\|	I. Answer the following questions

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