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PEOPLE INVOLVED IN FILM PRODUCTION

1. Match the lexical units for the professions of people involved in making movies to their definitions.

2. For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A film crew is a group of people (0) …which… works on the production aspect of a film. Film crews are differentiated (1) …… actors in that they support the production of a piece (2) …… actually appearing on the screen (except (3) …… accident), and the members of the crew are also separate from the producers, (4) …… handle the intellectual property and distribution aspects of production. There are (5) …… number of positions on a film crew, ranging from the prestigious roles to menial labour, and a good film crew is key (6) …… producing a high-quality film, commercial, television show, or any other sort of filmed piece.

There are some broad departments within a film crew, (7) …… with specific responsibilities and players. As a general rule, (8) …… departments work closely with one another to ensure that the film has a polished, consistent, professional look and to create a piece which matches with the vision of the producer and director.

The production department on a film crew consists of the producers, director, and their support staff, including second units, stunt coordinators, continuity supervisors, and choreographers. This department handles the creative aspect of the film, working together to create and realize a vision, and they (9) …… handle the day to day needs of production, through production assistants who organize everything from facilities rental to catering services. Also included on the production team (10) …… the front office staff.

The art department is responsible for the look and feel of the film. (11) …… is realized through sets, props, landscaping, and so forth. A production designer typically supervises this department, working closely with the director. For the look of the actors, the hair and makeup and wardrobe departments work on costumes and physical appearances, typically consulting with the lighting and design teams to make sure that the actors look their (12) …… .

The production sound division of the film crew handles the sound recording during production, (13) …… the sound crew works on incidental music and post-production sound. Camera crews are responsible for the physical filming, along (14) …… lighting, assisted by the grips, riggers, and gaffers who actually position and manipulate the lighting on set while meeting other electrical needs. In post-production, editors and visual effects crews put the finishing touches on the piece, ensuring that it looks perfect (15) …… distribution.

3. You are going to read a text explaining some of the roles of the film crew. Read the text carefully and fill in the gaps in the text with the lexical items from the box below.

Example: 1 – 1 (Screenwriter)

During a feature production, a number of key people are brought into the project. The key roles and responsibilities include the following.

1.The creative stage of pre-production begins with the (1) …… . A (1) …… creates a screenplay (a written version of a movie before it is filmed) either based on previously written material, such as a book or a play, or as an original work. A (1) …… may write a screenplay on speculation, then try to sell it, or a particular (1) …… may be hired by a Producer or studio to write a screenplay to given specifications. Screenplays are often rewritten, and it’s not uncommon for several professionals to work on a script.

2. A(2) …… is given control over the entire production of a motion picture and is ultimately held responsible for the success or failure of the motion picture project; this person is involved with the project from start to finish.

The (2) ……’s task is to organize and guide the project into a successful motion picture. The (2) …… would be the person who accepts the Academy Award for best picture, should the movie win one. The (2) …… organizes the development of the film, and is thus quite active in the pre-production phase. Once production (filming) begins, generally the role of the (2) …… is to supervise and give suggestions – suggestions that must be taken seriously by those creating the film. However, some professionals play a key role throughout the entire production process.

3. The (3) …… interprets the script and unifies the components of the film into something that bears his or her signature. This individual is like an orchestra conductor. The (3) …… must be able to lead and control people, have them do what he or she wants them to do, yet remain on good terms. While in production, the (3) …… not only oversees actors, but also advises the Director of Photography, instructs the major technical people, administrates the flow of people, consults on budgets, and deals with outside pressures. The (3) …… is ultimately responsible for what happens on the set.

4.A (4) ……, a specialist actor, actually performs risky pieces of physical action. Stunts range from fight scenes to a fall from a cliff to a head-on collision with an oncoming truck. Many stunts are actually less dangerous than they appear because of appropriate camera angles, lenses, and editing.

5.While the set is under construction, the (5) …… conceives and draws designs for the costumes to be worn by the actors in the movie. The costume designs must be approved by the Art Director, Director, and Producer before going to the Seamstress, the person who actually makes the costumes.

6.The (6) …… rolls the camera and stops it on cue, as instructed by the Director of Photography. The (6) ……’s responsibility is to achieve smooth camera movement and produce satisfactory pictorial images. To do so, the (6) …… not only has to make sure not to bump the camera into other equipment while shooting, but also must be aware of how far the camera can tilt when filming a shot and where the boom – the pole that holds the microphone above a scene – is located so that it doesn’t get in the shot.

7.The (7) …… is responsible for the quality of the photography and the cinematic look of the film. The (7) …… transforms the Screenwriter’s and Director’s concepts into visual images. Using his or her knowledge of lighting, lenses, cameras, and film emulsions, the (7) …… creates the appropriate mood, atmosphere, and visual style of each shot to evoke the emotions that the Director desires. Working closely with the Director, the (7) …… determines the camera angles, shot composition, and camera movement for every shot. The (7) …… then decides upon the lighting equipment and the type and number of cameras that will be required for shooting. The (7) …… orders the lights and cameras to be set up in such a way to attain the desired effect.

8.The (8) …… loads the camera with a new roll of film as needed, and operates the clapper board (clapboard for short) – a small hand-held chalkboard filmed at the beginning of each take. The “clapper” part of the job is deceptively simple. It is vital that all the information is on the clapperboard and that it is easily read.

It is critical that the (8) …… keeps the inside of the changing bag or, on a big picture, the darkroom should be immaculately clean to keep dust and hairs off the film. The inside of the changing bag or the darkroom should be cleaned several times a day.

Perhaps the most important responsibility of the (8) …… is the paperwork. The lab report sheet must be both legible and accurate or it will be impossible to find the appropriate piece of negative when it’s time for negative cutting.

On most motion pictures, the Production Office keeps a very close eye on the daily camera report sheets. This is because the shot footage must be logged to see if the production is on budget in this area and to see how much footage is being entered in the “waste” column. A reputation for good paperwork is the most common reason for a Production Office to approve the Director of Photography’s nomination of a (8) …… .

9.The (9) …… adjusts the focus of the lens as the actor moves closer to or further from the camera, or when the camera moves during a dolly shot. Keeping the main action sharp is the prime responsibility of the (9) …… . Before shooting begins, the (9) …… marks the actors’ positions on the floor with tape, and measures the distance between the lens and significant points in a traveling shot in order to attain a smooth “follow focus” during the take – a continuous recorded performance of a scene. The (9) …… is responsible for setting the “Stop” as directed by the Director of Photography. In addition, the (9) …… is concerned with the camera itself. It is the (9) ……’s task to build the camera each morning and to put it away after shooting is finished. The (9) …… must keep the lenses scrupulously clean and carry out any front line maintenance on the camera and its associated kit.

The (9) …… rarely leaves the camera. You could say that during the shooting day, the camera “belongs” to the (9) ……. At the end of every “printed” take, the (9) …… is responsible for giving whoever is on continuity the details of the shot. This includes the focal length of the lens, the focus setting, and the stop.

10.The (10) ……, who often has interior design experience, finds the appropriate objects to place within a set to make it look real, according to need, whether it’s a businessperson’s office or a hermit’s shack.

11.The (11) …… works closely with the Director to make sure that the Director’s creative vision can be put on film. The (11) ……, who heads the Art Department, is an artist responsible for creating the overall visual appearance of the film – the proper feel, the appropriate costumes, the right setting.

12.The (12) …… secures financing for a film. This person usually oversees business aspects but often has little actual involvement with the day-to-day operations of the filmmaking. While the creative crew works on conceptualization, the Production Finance Person breaks down expenses and records expenses for every item for the production to keep the production within budget.

13.The (13) …… suggests and evaluates potential actors appropriate for the film, sets up meetings with the actor and the Producer and / or Director, and often helps negotiate the terms of a proposed contract between the actor’s agent or attorney and the Producer. When the actor is hired, the (13) …… helps negotiate the terms of a proposed contract between the actor’s agent and the Producer.

14.A (14) …… has expertise in combining make-up with special effects, such as squibs – small explosive devices that, when detonated, simulate the effect of a bullet, puncture wound, or small explosion.

15.The (15) …… heads up the crew responsible for lighting and other electrical matters during filming. The (15) …… reports to the Director of Photography and makes sure that his or her orders are carried out.

4. Watch the video about the kids casting. Do the following statements agree with the information you have heard? Mark the statements as true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).

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