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Other Classes of Pronouns

§ 180. Interrogative pronouns — hwā, Masc. and Fem., and hwæt, Neut., — had a four-case paradigm (NE who, what). The Instr. case of hwæt was used as a separate interrogative word hwӯ(NE why). Some interrogative pronouns were used as adjective pronouns, e. g. hwelc, hwæper.

§ 181. Indefinite pronouns were a numerous class embracing several simple pronouns and a large number of compounds: ān and its deriva­tive ǣniʒ (NE me, any); nān, made up of ān and the negative particle ne (NE none); nānpinʒ, made up of the preceding and the noun ping (NE nothing); nāwiht/nōwiht/nōht (‘nothing’, NE not), hwæt-hwuʒu ‘some­thing’ and many others.

§ 182. Pronouns of different classes — personal and demonstrative could be used in a relative function, as connectives. The demonstra­tive sē in its various forms and the personal pronoun hē, either alone or together with a special relative particle pe could join attributive clauses, e.g.:

Sē pe mē ʒehǣlde sē cwæð to mē ‘he who healed me, he said to me’ (For more details and examples see OE syntax, §220 ff.)

THE ADJECTIVE

Grammatical Categories

§ 183. As stated before, the adjective in OE could change for num­ber, gender and case. Those were dependent grammatical categories or forms of agreement of the adjective with the noun it modified or with the subject of the sentence — if the adjective was a predicative. Like nouns, adjectives had three genders and two numbers. The category of case in adjectives differed from that of nouns: in addition to the four cases of nouns they had one more case, Instr. It was used when the ad­jective served as an attribute to a noun in the Dat- case expressing an instrumental meaning — e. g.:

lӯtle werede ‘with (the help of) a small troop’.

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