• Гідрологія і Гідрометрія
• Господарське право
• Економіка будівництва
• Економіка природокористування
• Економічна теорія
• Земельне право
• Історія України
• Кримінально виконавче право
• Медична радіологія
• Методи аналізу
• Міжнародне приватне право
• Міжнародний маркетинг
• Основи екології
• Предмет Політологія
• Соціальне страхування
• Технічні засоби організації дорожнього руху
• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

The Phrase. Noun, Adjective and Verb Patterns

§ 212. The syntactic structure of a language can be described at the level of the phrase and at the level of the sentence. In OE texts we find a variety of word phrases (also: word groups or patterns). OE noun pat­terns, adjective patterns and verb patterns had certain specific features which are important to note in view of their later changes.

§ 213. A noun pattern consisted of a noun as the head word and pronouns, adjectives (including verbal adjectives, or participles), nu­merals and other nouns as determiners and attributes. Most noun modi­fiers agreed with the noun ingender, number and case, e.g.:

on pǣm ōprum prim daʒum ... ‘in those other three days’ — Dat. pl Masc.

Ohthere sǣde his hlāforde, Ælfrēde cyninʒe ‘Ohthere said to his lord, king Alfred’ — the noun in apposition is in the Dat. sg like the head noun.

Nouns which served as attributes to other nouns usually had the form of the Gen. case: hwāles bān, dēora fell ‘whale's bone, deer's fell. Some numerals governed the nouns they modified so that formally the relations were reversed: tamra dēora ... syx hand ‘six hundred tame deer’; twentiʒ scēapa ‘twenty sheep’ (dēora, scēapa — Gen. pl).

§ 214. An adjective pattern could include adverbs, nouns or pronouns in one of the oblique cases with or without prepositions, and infinitives, e. g.:

hū lāp ēow selfum wæs tō ʒelæstenne ēowre ābas ‘how loath it was for you to keep your oaths’

him wæs manna pearf ‘he was in need of men

hiora hӯd bið swiðe ʒōd tō scio-rūnum ‘their bide is very good for ship ropes’.

§ 215. Verb patterns included a great variety of dependant compo­nents: nouns and pronouns in oblique cases with or without preposi­tions, adverbs, infinitives and participles, e.g.:

brinʒ pā pinʒ ‘bring those things’ (Acc.)

Hē ... seālde hit hys māder ‘he ... gave it to his mother’ (Acc., Dat.) hē ðǣr bād wastanwindes ‘there he waited for the western wind’ (Gen.)

Isaac cwæð tō his suna ‘Isaac said to his son’ (preposition plus Dat.);

bi pære ēa siʒlan ‘sail past that river’ (preposition plus Dat. in an adverbial meaning).

Hū mihtest pū hit swā hrædlice findan? ‘how could you find it so quickly’ (adverb)

Infinitives and participles were often used in verb phrases with verbs of incomplete predication (some of these phrases were later transformed into analytical forms): mihtest findan ‘might find’ in the last example, hē wolde fandian ‘he wanted to find out’, hie onʒunnon mā repian ‘they began to rage more’ (see also § 192).

Читайте також:

1. A. The adjectives below can be used to describe inventions or new ideas. Which have a positive meaning? Which have a negative meaning?
2. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
3. ADJECTIVES DESCRIBE PERSONALITY
4. B. Listen to part of a radio interview with a historian talking about Einstein. Then complete each sentence with a word or a short phrase. (Track 17, CD2)
5. Bearish Continuation Patterns
6. Bullish Continuation Patterns
7. Comparative ad superlative adjectives
8. Declension of Adjectives in Late Middle English
9. Fill the gaps with a suitable adjective
10. Give the adjectives made from the nouns of Task 7
11. How many adjectives can you remember for describing people's looks? Try this quiz to test your vocabulary. Match the word on the left with the same meaning on the right.
12. I. Look at the following sentences paying attention to the use of the degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Переглядів: 602