REVIEW QUESTIONS

THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS can be used to check whether the reader has understood and remembered the main contents of the book. The questions are also recommended for the exam on this course of Computational Linguistics The questions marked with the sign ° are the most important ones.

	1. Why is automatic processing of natural language important for the humankind? 2. Why are theoretical aspects of linguistics necessary for computational linguistics? 3. How are related the methods of computational linguistics and of artificial intelligence? 4. How is coordinated computational linguistics with computer science? 5. What is general linguistics? 6. What aspects of natural language do phonology, morphology, syntax, semantic, and pragmatic study? 7. What is historical linguistics? Contrastive linguistics? Sociolinguistics? 8. What is dialectology? 9. What is lexicography? Why is it important for NL processing? 10. What are the narrower and the broader comprehension of mathematical linguistics? 11. What is computational linguistics? How is it related with applied linguistics?
°	12. What is the structuralist approach in general linguistics? 13. What are constituents? What is constituency tree? 14. What mathematical means were proposed by Noam Chomsky? What purposes can they serve for? 15. What example of context-free grammar to generate simple sentences do you know? 16. What are transformation grammars? 17. What are valencies in linguistics? What is the difference between syntactic and semantic valencies? 18. What are subcategorization frames and how they describe valencies of verbs? 19. What are constraints in computational linguistics? 20. What is the notion of head in Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar? 21. What is the idea of unification in computational linguistics? 22. Why should language be viewed as a transformer? 23. Why should this transformer be considered to contain several stages of transformation? 24. What is meant by Text in the Meaning Û Text Theory? 25. What is meant by Meaning in the Meaning Û Text Theory? 26. What are the main levels of language representation? Which levels are called surface ones, and which deep one? Why? 27. What are dependency tree in computational linguistics? 28. What are the two methods of information representation on semantic level? What are the semantic labels? Are they words? 29. What are government patterns in the Meaning Û Text Theory? How they describe syntactic and semantic valencies? 30. What are the main applications and classes of applications of computational linguistics? 31. What linguistic knowledge is used in hyphenation programs? Spell checkers? Grammar checkers? Style checkers? 32. What linguistic knowledge is used in information retrieval systems? In what a way does this knowledge influence the main characteristics of information retrieval systems? 33. How can we determine automatically the theme of the document? 34. How is the linguistic knowledge used in automatic translation? What are the main stages of automatic translation? Are all of these stages always necessary? 35. What is automatic text generation? 36. What are specifics of natural language interfaces? 37. What is extraction of factual data from texts? 38. What is language understanding? What linguistic knowledge should it employ? What are the main difficulties in creation of systems for language understanding? 39. What is EuroWordNet? 40. Do optical character recognition and speech recognition require linguistic knowledge? 41. What is modeling in general? 42. What kinds of linguistic modeling do you know? What are research linguistic models used for? 43. What are functional models in linguistics? What are their common features? 44. Are the Meaning Û Text Theory and Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar functional models? 45. What are specific features of the Meaning Û Text model? 46. What are holistic and reduced models? Is the most detailed and broad model always the better one? 47. What aspects of language are not covered by modern linguistic models?
°	48. Word, wordform, and lexeme, what is the difference between them? When can we use each of them? 49. What is synonymy? What kinds of synonyms exist? Can synonymy be avoided in natural language? 50. What is homonymy? What kinds of homonyms exist? Can homonymy be avoided in natural language? 51. What are metaphoric and metonymic methods of creation of new words in natural language? 52. What are the specifics of computer-based dictionaries? 53. What is analogy in linguistics? How can we use it for NL processing? 54. What is empirical approach in linguistics? To what kind of problems can it be applied?
°	55. What is a sign? What is a linguistic sign? 56. What is the syntactics of a linguistic sign in the Meaning Û Text Theory? 57. What is the structure of the linguistic sign in Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar? 58. Are there any commonalities in the linguistic description between generative, Meaning Û Text, and constraint-based approaches?

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