Use your general background knowledge and knowledge of the general context.

Your knowledge and experience about what is logical or illogical can help you guess the meaning of some words. Let us take, for instance, the second section of the text. This passage logically connects and explains how the eight major structural components interact in communication:

(A) The sender – the person or group originating the message.

(B) The messageconsists of the information the sender desires to have understood ...

(C) The channel – messages, which can be verbal or nonverbal, are encoded and transmitted via a channelto the receiver.

(D) The receiver(s)is the intended recipient of the message ...

Basing on these definitions you can build a logical chain: the sender – the message – the channel – the receiver. This logical chain presents the communication part of the main idea of the whole text. Add the other four components to this logical chain.

Collect specific informationby pointing out groups of synonyms, semantic and thematic groups. Keep it in mind that vocabulary in context includes both single words (usually nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs). and two- or three-word phrases.

· It is claimed in paragraph 1 that the definitioncommunication is the management of messages with the objective of creating meaning is “somewhat broad”. Why is it broad?

· Find a synonym for the words spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people in paragraph 3.

· Find a synonym for the word certify in paragraph 3.

· Skim read each paragraph and collect a word nest for the noun culture and a thematic group of expressions with the word culture.

What is the referent word for the word combination This type of distraction in the paragraph below?

“People who use another language will often have an accent or might misuse a word or phrase, which can adversely influence the receiver’s understanding of the message. This type of distraction, referred to as semantic noise, also encompasses jargon, slang, and specialized professional terminology.”

Section 2. Grammar workout

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