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The use of relative pronouns in attributive relative clauses.

As has already been stated, attributive relative clauses are introduced by the following relative pronouns: who, which, that, as. In using these pronouns the following rules should be observed:

1. If the antecedent is a noun denoting a living being, who is mostly used.

Kate turned to the general, whowas near her, his face expressionless, yet

alert. (Lawrence)

2. If the antecedent is a noun denoting an inanimate object, wwhich is mostly used.

In this room, whichwas never used, a light was burning. (Dickens)

The castle, whichstood on the highest platform of the clustered hills, was

built of rough-hewn limestone. (Eliot)

3. The pronoun that may be used both when the antecedent is a noun denoting a living being and when it is a noun denoting an inanimate object. But it should be noted that the use of this pronoun in attributive clauses is limited; it is chiefly used in the following cases:

(a) if the antecedent is the pronoun all, everything or nothing.

All thatshe dreams comes true. (Dickens)

In a word, everything thatgoes to make life precious, that boy had. (Twain)

(b) if the antecedent is modified by an adjective in the superlative degree, by the adjective only, or by the indefinite pronoun any.

The door opened, and there entered to us, quietly, the most remarkable-l

ooking man thatI had ever seen. (Collins)

The Moonstone was the only object thatinterested him in the smallest degree.

(Collins)

Any evil thatpeople say of him is false. (Eliot)

N o t e. — In these cases (a, b) the attributive clause may be connected with

the principal clause asyndetically.

Time is all I want. (Dreiser)

Everything I could do to free myself came into my mind... (Eliot)

It was the worst Sunday he had spent in his life. (Dreiser)

I think she is the only really happy woman I have ever met with. (Collins)

4. If the antecedent is a noun modified by the demonstrative pronoun such the relative pronoun as is used.

For on the evening appointed for the Vauxhall party ... there came on such a

thunderstorm as only happens on Vauxhall nights, and asobliged the young

people, perforce, to remain at home. (Thackeray)

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