Notes to the Text

1. lane – ряд

2. gasoline-powered – з бензиновим двигуном

3. fuel intake – впорскування палива

4. among other things – крім всього іншого

5. what speed he has averaged – яка була його середня швидкість

6. pressure ring – ущільнювальне кільце

7. piston ring – поршневе кільце

8. valve– клапан

9. guidance system– система наведення

Exercise 7. Answer the questions.

1. What is the text about? 2. What kind of a car may be in common use in the near future? 3. How will a public electric car operate? 4. How will it operate on a motorway? 5. What electronic devices are there in a modern car? 6. What electronic devices does General Motors Corporation offer for a car? 7. What electronic devices are Ford cars equipped with? 8. Can a radar be used in a car? 9. What will its functions be? 10. What functions will a Japanese car of a new generation have? 11.What materials do the Japanese offer to use for car motors?

Exercise 8. Say whether the statements are true or false. If they are false, correct them.

1. An automatic guidance system was developed for the electric car. 2. Small electric cars are in common use. 3. Many ships and aircrafts are piloted automatically for the greater part of the journey. 4. Usually having arrived at a motorway, a driver switches over to automatic control and relaxes. 5. A decade ago there were many electronic things in the cars. 6. There is no future for microelectronics in automobiles. 7. Recently a radar to be mounted on lorries and cars has been designed in the USA. 8. A new ceramic engine has been developed in France.

Exercise 9.Translate the following word-combinations.

public transport of the future, one thing is certain, the time is coming, from home to office, a modern vehicle, in common use, to get into a car, how far one can drive, get out of a car, get the best fuel, an electronic instrument panel, red light and sound signal, a car of a new generation.

Exercise 10.State the function of the Participle 1 in the sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian..

1. When combining hydrogen and oxygen in the proportion of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen we produce water. 2. Elements are characterized by some properties distinguishing them from other substances. 3. Analyzing their properties one should consider their color, odor, hardness, solubility in water, ability to conduct electricity and others. 4. For example, when speaking about oxygen it is necessary to say that it is a colorless, odorless gas, having density at standard pressure and temperature of about one seven-hundredth that of water. 5. It is soluble in water becoming liquid at about 180⁰ C. 6. While burning different substances combine with oxygen. 7. The boiling solution had neither color nor odor. 8. A molecule is a compound consisting of two or more atoms. 9. While heating a substance we cause a more rapid motion of its molecules. 10. Having a high melting point tungsten is widely used for the production of electric lamps. 11. Iron, cobalt and nickel are the only metals possessing considerable magnetism at room temperature. 12. While determining the quality of the alloy the engineer took into account all the factors influencing its properties.

Exercise 11. Translate these sentences paying attention to the active vocabulary of the text.

1. Studying Newton’s work “Principia”, a young physicist discovered a mistake in the calculations. 2. Having designed a car radar, the engineers started complex tests. 3. While driving a car one should be very attentive. 4. A new electronic instrument will calculate how far one car drive on the fuel left in the tank. 5. Scientists are experimenting with a system allowing drivers to see better after dark. 6.The system being tested will increase the safety and fuel efficiency of a car. 7. Having been tested, the computer system was installed at a plant. 8. Having been heated, the substance changed its properties. 9. Being provided with batteries an electric car develops a speed of 50 miles an hour.

Exercise 12. Make up sentences from two parts.

For example, a small electric car can solve	goes out into the street, finds an empty car, gets into it, drives to his destination, gets out and leaves the car for the next passenger.
There are already some modern vehicles	which may become a usual means of transport in the future.
A passenger	increasingly wide use of modern microelectronics in cars.
With an automatic guidance system for cars, it will be possible	many problems of public transport.
All these innovations will become possible because of	an important part in current car design.
Computers, electronic instrument panels, radars, adjusting devices, etc. are playing	to switch over to automatic driving, as we do in ships and aircrafts today.

Exercise 13. Translate into Ukrainian the following sentences consulting the dictionary. Remember the meanings of the underlined words.

1) The Reading Room of the Library of Congress houses a great collection of reference books. The Houses of Parliament are situated in the centre of London on the banks of the Thames. The fuselage of a new cargo aircraft can house large-size equipment.

2) Solar power can be used as a source of heat. When we heat water, it turns into steam. Heat energy may be of a kinetic form.

3) A new computerized system monitors the production processes of this plant. This plant is equipped with video and television monitors. Our laboratory is developing an electronic monitoring system for cars.

4) In new cars instrument panels will have a means to display different objects on the road. Liquid-crystal display was used in the first colour television set.

5) A special electronic device signals the engine to stop. Now it is possible to send signals over long distances.

Exercise 14. Insert the words only andthe only. Translate the following sentences.

1. The Earth is … planet having liquid water. 2. It is useful to remember that the industrial revolution began … at the end of the 18th century. 3. … way to achieve good results is to apply one’s knowledge to practical work. 4. The revolution in science and technology affects not … economically developed countries, but also developing countries. 5. Multi-cylinder engines came into use … after World War II. 6. The motor car has not … brought mobility to millions of people, but also has polluted the atmosphere. 7. Weightlessness can be created on the Earth, but … for a few seconds. 8. … requirement for plastic steel is that it must be rich in carbon. 9. The Library of Congress serves not … to Members of the Congress, but also to libraries throughout the US and the world.

Exercise 15.Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Remember the meanings of the words future and further.

1. In the future it will be possible to use more channels on every TV set via satellite and cable TV. 2. Scientists throughout the world were quick to realize the importance of the radio and contributed much to its further development. 3. The subjects that the students study in the first and the second years are very important for their future speciality. 4. The use of computers in cars is a further step in improving safety on the road. 5. I’ll give you further instructions tomorrow.

Exercise 16. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to different meanings of the word since.

1. Since 1770 there were many brilliant inventions in the automobile industry. 2. The production of motor cars in Great Britain was stopped since there were severe speed limits. 3. In early days many of the cars broke since transmissions were still unreliable and often went out of operation. 4. Since conventional headlights are not very effective, a new system has to be developed. 5. Since the French engineer Gugnot invented the first self-propelled vehicle in 1770, the automobile industry developed very rapidly. 6. The number of chemical elements known to science has grown considerably since Mendeleev created his Periodic table in 1871.

Task Ш.Read and translate the text.

Text 11B

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