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FOOTWEAR

Footwear consists of garments worn on the feet. It is worn for a variety of reasons, including protection against the environment, hygiene and adornment. Usually, socks and other hosiery are worn between the feet and the footwear, except for sandals and flip flops (thongs). It is sometimes associated with fetishism, particularly in some recent fashions in shoes and boots. Some people are very passionate about fashion footwear.

A shoe is an item of footwear. Shoes may vary from a simple flip-flop to a complex boot. Shoes may have high or low heels, although in western cultures, high heels are considered a women's style. Shoe materials include leather or canvas. Athletic shoe soles may sometimes be made of rubber.

The bottom of a shoe is called the sole. The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe). The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles. The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use. Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What are the reasons we wear footwear?

2. What is a shoe?

3. Where are high heels considered a women’s style?

4. What materials is footwear made of?

5. What kinds of insoles have the most shoes?

6. What are the reasons to add extra insoles?

7. What kinds of outsoles have dress shoes and casual shoes?

8. Do shoes always have midsoles?

9. What is the function of a heel?

10. What does a high of a heel depend on?

V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:

1. Footwear is worn for … against the environment, hygiene and adornment.

2. … is worn between the feet and the footwear.

3. Shoes may vary from a simple flip-flops to a complex … .

4. Athletic shoe … may be made of rubber.

5. Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the … .

VI. Find the English equivalents to the words:

прикраса, модне взуття, жіночій стиль, гума, замінний, волога, каучук, тиск, сандаля, чобіт

VII. Make up sentences with the terms:

a variety of reasons, to be associated with, fashion footwear, shoe materials, to control the shape, dress shoes, work-oriented shoes, durability and traction, specialized shoes, shock absorption

VIII. Give definitions to the words:

garment, hosiery, a shoe, thongs, a women’s style, a sole, an athletic shoe, an insole, an outsole, a casual shoe

IX. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Взуття носять з таких причин, як захист від оточуючого середовища, гігієни та інших.

2. Деякі люди дуже захоплюються модним взуттям.

3. Нижня частина взуття називається підошвою.

4. Додаткова устілка додається для зручності, збереження форми та інших причин.

5. Підметка складається з однієї або декількох деталей, виготовлених із різних матеріалів.

6. Різні компанії використовують для підложки різноманітні матеріали.

7. Функція каблука – підтримка п’яти ступні.

8. Під впливом моди каблук може бути різної висоти або плоским для практичних цілей.

9. Будь-яке взуття має верхню частину, щоб кріпитися до стопи.

10. Щоб привабливо виглядати, верхню частину взуття завжди прикрашають або виготовляють у певному стилі.

X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:

to be worn on the feet, a variety of reasons, to be passionate about fashion footwear, a shoe, a sandal, a flip-flop, high or low heels, shoe materials, leather or canvas, to be made of rubber, a sole, removable or replaceable insoles, an outsole, shock absorption, a midsole, to support the heel of the foot, for fashion, complex upper, to be decorated, to be made in a certain style

TEXT B

I. Read and remember:

1. stitching – строчка

2. pumps – туфлі «човники»

3. clogs – туфлі на товстій дерев’яній підошві

4. lining – підкладка

5. vogue – мода

6. fastening – застібка, кріплення

7. winter outfit – зимовий ансамбль

8. lace ankle boots – взуття на шнурках

9. arch – підйом

10. to trim – прикрашати

II. Read the text and define the main idea of it:

Читайте також:

1. CAD/CAM in Footwear Manufacture
2. COATED FABRICS IN FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURE
3. FOOTWEAR AND WORK
4. FOOTWEAR DESIGN
5. FOOTWEAR IN SUMMER AND WINTER
6. FOOTWEAR MATERIALS
7. FOOTWEAR STYLES
8. HIGH-HEELED FOOTWEAR
9. HISTORY OF FOOTWEAR
10. HISTORY OF FOOTWEAR
11. The European footwear industry

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