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Юриспунденкция

FOOTWEAR STYLES

There are eight basic footwear styles with the rest made up as variations on the basic themes. To comply with definition a shoe describes footwear with a mechanism capable of holding the foot in the heel of the shoe to facilitate support during push off. Hence there are two critical aspects of shoes i. e. the band around the instep and the section corresponding to the human heel. To prevent unnecessary movement these need to be firm and fit the foot.

A boot is any kind of footwear extending above the ankle. There are numerous designs and types of boots for a variety of uses. A boot is a type of shoe that covers at least the foot and the ankle and sometimes extends up to the knee or even the hip. Most have a heel that is clearly distinguishable from the rest of the sole, even if the two are made of one piece. Boots are traditionally made of leather or rubber, but modern boots are made from a variety of materials.

High-top athletic shoes are generally not considered boots, even though they do cover the ankle, primarily due to the absence of a distinct heel.

Boots designed for protection from the elements may be made of a single closely-stitched design (using leather, rubber, canvas, or similar material) to prevent the entry of water, snow, mud or dirt through the gaps left between the laces and the tongue in other types of shoes. Simple waterproof gumboots are made in different lengths of uppers, and, in extreme cases, thigh-boots called waders, worn by anglers, end at the hip level of the wearer. Such boots may also be insulated for warmth. Fashionable boots for women may have all the variations seen in other fashion footwear: tapered or spike heels, platform soles, pointed toes, zipper closures and the like. The popularity of boots as fashion footwear ebbs and flows. A clog is a thick soled wooden shoe sometimes with leather upper.

Lace up shoe is any low cut shoe fastened by lacings, such as Oxford or Blucher.

The term moccasin originally meant a simple one-piece hide wrapped round the foot and held on with rawhide thongs. Later the Indians gradually stylized the moccasin by adding the moccasin plug, fringes and coloured beads, which depicted rank and occupation. Today moccasin shoes usually describe imitation moccasins which had their origins in Norway. The Norwegian peasant slip-on was first imported to the USA by tourists in the 1930s and later Gucci made a leather loafer in refined calfskin with a metal snaffle bit across the instep. Soon loafers were available in the spectator style (two colours). The low vamp loafer was designed for females and was made from soft kid leather and cut low. A moccasin construction produces a very light, flexible and comfortable shoe with a distinctive appearance. A ‘bag’ of leather is formed by hand stitching an apron to a vamp. This bag is dampened and then forced on to the last to form the shape of the shoe. The sole is then stitched or glued to the formed upper part. Because the soft leather goes round the foot, forming a flexible and adaptable ‘bag’ a moccasin is exceptionally comfortable.

A mule is a backless shoe or slipper with or without a heel.

A sandal is originally a slab of leather sole attached to the foot by thongs. Today a sandal is any open shoe whose upper consists of any decorative or functional arrangement of straps. A sandal can with any heel height designed for simple utility or casual wear or as a fashion shoe.

Monks are similar to Derby shoes but with a cross over section to fasten the quarters with a side buckle.

Pumps are heeled shoes with low cut fronts and usually no fastening.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. How many basic footwear styles are there?

2. What is a shoe?

3. What is a kind of footwear extending above the ankle?

4. What may fashionable boots for women have?

5. What do the boots designed for protection prevent?

6. Why is a moccasin exceptionally comfortable?

7. How are moccasins decorated?

8. What is a sandal?

9. What is a mule?

10. What is a clog?

V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:

a sandal (2), a shoe, a clog, a lace up shoe, a moccasin, a monk, a boot (2), a mule

1. … holds the foot in the heel to facilitate support during push off.

2. … is a backless shoe or slipper with or without a heel.

3. … is exceptionally comfortable.

4. … is a thick soled wooden shoe sometimes with leather upper.

5. … is a slab of leather sole attached to the foot by thongs.

6. … is a shoe with a cross over section to fasten the quarters with a side buckle.

7. … is any low cut shoe fastened by lacings.

8. … is a type of shoe that covers at least the foot and the ankle and sometimes extends up to the knee or even the hip.

9. … designed for protection from the elements may be made of a single closely-stitched design.

10. … is any open shoe whose upper consists of any decorative or functional arrangement of straps.

VI. Find the English equivalents to the words:

стилі взуття, запобігати, підйом ноги, гомілка, стегно, бісер, обмотаний навколо, туфлі типу ‘пантолети’, туфлі типу ‘човник’, союзка, опойок, каблук-шпилька, застібка - блискавка, носок, підошва

VII. Make up sentences with the terms:

to facilitate support, the band around the instep, a type of shoe, made of leather, high-top athletic shoes, protection, waterproof boots, in refined calfskin, in the spectator style, upper part, straps, fringes

VIII. Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:

a boot, a shoe, a clog, a moccasin, a mule, a monk, a pump, a sandal

IX. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Існує вісім основних стилів взуття.

2. Чобіт – це будь-який вид взуття, що сягає вище гомілки.

3. Чоботи, які створено для захисту, можуть мати цільнокроєну конструкцію.

4. Сучасні чоботи виготовляють з різноманітних матеріалів.

5. Бахрома та кольоровий бісер на мокасинах відбивали ранг та рід діяльності.

6. Гумові водонепроникні чоботи виготовляються з верхом різної довжини.

7. Мокасин – це дуже легкий, гнучкий і зручний тип взуття.

8. Пантолети – це взуття без заднику.

9. Сандалія традиційно являла собою пластину шкіряної підошви, яка кріпилася до ступні за допомогою ремінців.

10. Сандалі можуть мати каблуки, будь-якої висоти.

X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:

basic footwear styles, to hold the foot, to fit the foot, a shoe, modern boots, designed for protection, boots for women, platform soles, pointed toes, Oxford, a moccasin, soft kid leather, a loafer, fringes and coloured beads, to fasten the quarters, heeled shoes, any open shoe, decorative arrangement of straps, upper, with or without a heel

TEXT B

I. Read and remember:

1. dress shoes – нарядне взуття

2. casual shoes – повсякденне взуття

3. to distinguish – розрізняти

4. slip lasted – формований беззатяжним шляхом, внутрішнього формування (про заготовку)

5. board lasted – формований набиванням шкіри на раму

6. seam – шов

7. arch – підйом

8. cardboard – плата, картон

9. flat – плоский

10. sleek – лощений, лоск

11. sturdy – твердий, стійкий

12. aperture – апертура

13. balmoral – грубий чобіт на шнурівці

14. blucher – черевик з високими берцями на шнурках з глухим язичком

15. plain-toe – гладкий носок

II. Read the text and define the main idea of it:

Читайте також:

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
III. Make up a plan of the text.	\|	TYPES OF SHOES

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