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FOOTWEAR AND WORK

There are shoes and boots intended not only for casual wear but implying some qualities necessary for special purposes such as sports, health problems or abnormal working conditions. Thus, speciality boots have been designed for many different types of sports, particularly dance, riding, skiing and snowboarding, skating, and sporting in wet conditions. Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style. Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.

The healthy and safe working conditions at industrial enterprises are an object of constant concern of public and economic organisations in our country. The provision of special clothes and footwear to workers has an important place in the general complex of measures for the improvement of working conditions. Today there are industrial enterprises specializing in their manufacture and new designs of footwear are worked out with the character of production taken into account. Special clothes and footwear are made for the workers employed in the hot shops in the steel and iron industry machine, machine building industry, in the meat-packing, dairy and textile industries, for geologists, lumberjacks, etc. There are various kinds of special footwear – boots, half-boots, shoes, low shoes. Their uppers and bottoms are made of special materials, and various methods of attaching are used: nail-cement, nail-sewed, vertical-cement, etc. Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in wilderness or industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces.

The work in the hot shops of the steel and iron and machine-building industries involves high temperatures, manipulations with melted metal, the machining and shifting of heavy components, etc.

The footwear for those employed in these industries is made of cowhide and has soles of heat and grease-resistant rubber. Speciality boots have been made to temporarily protect steelworkers if they get caught in pools of molten metal. The boots have protective metal toes. To protect chemical workers from a wide variety of chemical exposure one more kind of speciality boots has been developed. Shoes with cloth lining are meant for those employed on outdoor jobs in winter time or on jobs involving excessive heat radiation. Footwear meant for those working in the meat-packing and dairy industry should be watertight. Grease-resistant deeply ribbed soles increase the non-slipping qualities.

The footwear meant for geologists should meet various demands made by climatic conditions and be extra wear-resistant. And there are also insulated, inflatable boots designed for walking in the Antarctic continent.

However, most work boots are "laceups" made from leather; formerly they were usually shod with hobnails and heel- and toe-plates, but now usually with a thick rubber sole, and protective features may often include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.

New open-toe and open-back shoes have been designed for textile industry women-workers. The uppers of these shoes are made of chrome leather and cloth, and the soles are microporous rubber. One of the most important tasks facing industrial enterprises, research institutes and other organizations is the designing and large-scale production of special shoes for all the industries.

There are also other types of boots sturdy in nature, meant for protection in wilderness or industrial settings. Some work boots (like the popular Dr. Martens) were adopted by skinheads and punks as part of their typical dress and have migrated to more mainstream fashion, including women's wear.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What special footwear do you know?

2. What is an object of concern of public and economic organisations in our country?

3. What has an important place in the general complex of measures for the improvement of working conditions?

4. What methods of attaching are used for the manufacture of special footwear?

5. What uppers and toes does special footwear have?

6. What toes do the shoes for the workers of steel and iron industry have?

7. What shoes have been designed for the textile industry women-workers?

8. What increases the non-slipping qualities of speciality boots?

9. What fastening do most work boots have?

10. What is one of the most important tasks facing industrial enterprises of the light industry?

V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:

1. There are various kinds of special footwear ...

2. Speciality boots imply some … necessary for special purposes.

3. Work shoes are designed to …

4. The work in the hot shops of the steel and iron and machine - building industries involves ...

5. The boots have protective … toes.

6. Shoes with cloth lining are meant for ...

7. Grass-resistant deeply ribbed soles increase ...

8. There are also …, … boots designed for walking in the Antarctic continent.

9. New open - toe and open-back shoes have been designed for ...

10. The uppers of these shoes are made of ...

VI. Find the English equivalents to the words:

повсякденне носіння, понаднормові умови, м’які змінні устілки, високе тертя, кріплення, зносостійкий, масове виробництво, тканина, взуття зі шнурівкою, жиростійкий.

VII. Make up sentences with the terms:

special purposes, arch support, healthy working conditions, character of production, half-boots, methods of attaching, to stand heavy wear, grease-resistant rubber, metal toes, cloth lining, ribbed soles, inflatable boots, chrome leather, laceups

VIII. Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:

orthopedic shoes, industrial settings, lining, non-slipping qualities, laceups,

steel-tipped toes

IX. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Існує взуття призначене не лише для повсякденного носіння, але й те, що має якості, необхідні для спеціального призначення.

2. Спеціальне взуття розробляється для різних видів спорту.

3. У спеціальному взутті важливіша функціональність, ніж стиль.

4. Верх та низ спеціального взуття виготовляються з різних спеціальних матеріалів.

5. Підошва спеціального взуття забезпечує високе зчеплення з ґрунтом або підлогою.

6. Робочі чоботи виготовляються з грубої шкіри і, зазвичай, мають гумову підошву.

7. Взуття, призначене для геологів, повинне мати підвищену зносостійкість.

8. Нове взуття з відкритим носком і відкритим задником було створено для жінок, які працюють в текстильній промисловості.

9. Більшість робочих чобіт – на шнурівці.

10. Взуття для робітників сталевої промисловості має захисні металеві носки.

X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:

special purposes, abnormal working conditions, health problems, methods of attaching, uppers and bottoms, footbeds and linings, toes and soles, open-toe and open-back shoes, watertight, grease-resistant, wear-resistant, ribbed, non-slipping, high traction

TEXT B

I. Read and remember:

1. dimensional – вимірний

2. crucial – вирішальний

3. adjusting – пристосування

4. propulsion – тягове зусилля

5. to enhance – підвищувати

6. durable – довготривалий, тривалого використання

7. sheer – легкий, прозорий, без домішок

8. foam – піна

9. cushioning – амортизація, пружна підкладка

10. density – плотність, щільність

11. midsole – прошарок між устілкою і підошвою, що абсорбує ударні впливи на стопу при русі

12. cleats – бутси, клями, зажими, кутові крепіжні скобки

13. molded – формований, пресований

14. stud – запонка, кнопка, цвях з великою голівкою

15. spike – шип на підошві, каблук “шпилька”

II. Read the text and define the main idea of it:

Читайте також:

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2. COATED FABRICS IN FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURE
3. FOOTWEAR
4. FOOTWEAR DESIGN
5. FOOTWEAR IN SUMMER AND WINTER
6. FOOTWEAR MATERIALS
7. FOOTWEAR STYLES
8. HIGH-HEELED FOOTWEAR
9. HISTORY OF FOOTWEAR
10. HISTORY OF FOOTWEAR
11. The European footwear industry

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