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IV. Choose the correct option. In some cases more than one answer is possible

1. Carbohydrates are substances which include:

a) carbon, nitrogen and water; c) carbon, oxygen and hydrogen;

b) oxygen, hydrogen and water; d) carbon, oxygen and water.

2. To the carbohydrate group belong such substances as

a) sugars, starch and glycogen; c) glycogen, cellulose and dextrin;

b) cellulose, enzymes and dextrin; d) oils, sugars and starch.

3. Different organisms can store energy in:

a) cellulose and lipids; c) glycogen and lipids;

b) starch and triglycerides; d) triglycerides and glycogen.

4. Lipids do not dissolve in:

a) ether; c) water;

b) organic solvents and water; d) alcohol and other organic solvents.

5. Lipids do not perform the following functions:

a) participate in the regulation of transport across the cell membrane;

b) catalyze important reactions taking place in the cell;

c) serve as important energy reserves;

d) form protective coatings for plant leaves.

6. Proteins are important because they:

a) serve as structural material for organisms;

b) provide protection from a wide range of infectious agents and toxic substances;

c) store hereditary information and pass it to next generations;

d) can be used as energy reserves.

7. Nucleic acids are believed to have been formed

a) at the time when the most primitive living forms appeared on the earth;

b) together with the first multicellular organisms;

c) 4,5 billion years ago;

d) in the primordial soup.

V. Think of possible questions for the following answers

1. They are produced by green plants and by bacteria in the process of photosynthesis.

2. The most important of them is glucose.

3. These are cellulose and hemicellulose.

4. Animals use glycogen for this purpose.

5. No, they can only dissolve in alcohol, ether and other organic solvents.

6. They were discovered in 1838.

7. 30,000.

8. This problem is still being researched.

9. It resembles a double helix.

VI. In the text “Macromolecules” find the words with the following meanings. Use these words in the sentences of your own

1 to unite into a chemical compound;

2 marked by extraordinarily great size, number, or degree;

3 any of various organic compounds characterized by an oxygen atom attached to two carbon atoms;

4 a usually liquid substance capable of dissolving or dispersing one or more other substances;

5 being most frequent or common; prevailing;

6 a tiny globe or ball especially of a liquid; a droplet;

7 the shortening and thickening of a functioning muscle or muscle fiber;

8 having a spiral form;

9 distinctive among other examples or cases of the same general category.

VII. Find the following words and expressions in the text “Macromolecules”. Explain the differences in their meanings and usage. Use these words and expressions to fill in the gaps in the sentences below

a) Constitute; make up.

b) Contain; include; be composed of; consist of.

1. Each cell typically _______ a central, usually spherical, nucleus and an outermore heterogeneous region, termed the cytoplasm.

2. Up to 70% of your total body weight is _______ of water.

3. Cigarettes which _______ less than 0.8 mg nicotine can be classified as "light".

4. Symptoms of the disease _______ tiredness and loss of memory.

5. Water is ________ hydrogen and oxygen.

6. Doctors are struggling to _______ the epidemic.

7. The environment of an organism also _______ the other organisms in its surroundings.

8. It is sometimes difficult to believe that the different groups living within our borders ________ a single society.

9. Hereditary information is carried by large molecules known as genes which are ________ nucleic acids.

10. The rise in crime ________ a threat to society.

11. Human cells are in many fundamental respects similar to those that ________ all the other animals and plants on the Earth.

GRAMMAR IN USE: WORD FORMATION 1

I. Look at the words below. They are all the derivatives of one word – solve. Explain the meaning of each word. What morphological means have been used to produce these words? What other means of word formation do you know?

Solvent; insoluble; dissolve; soluble.

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