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Exercise 21. Translate text 3 in the written form.

Text 3.Elevators

The elevators are movable airfoils, which are hinged to the horizontal stabilizer and used by the pilot to move the airplane around the lateral or pitch axis. If one wants to change the attitude of the airplane and descend, he places the forward pressure on the control stick. This, due to the system of cables connecting the stick to the elevators, lowers the trailing edge of the elevators, causing the increase of lift at the tail. As a result the tail of the airplane moves up and the nose moves downwards.

The backward pressure on the control stick raises the trailing edge of (he elevators and causes the nose of the aircraft to move upwards.

Dialogue 2. Secondary Control Surfaces.

T. As we know control surfaces are divided into primary and. secondary surfaces. What are the primary control surfaces used for?

S. The primary control surfaces are used to control the motion of the airplane around three main axes

T. You are right. Secondary control surfaces are used to trim the airplane. Remember the meaning and pronunciation of these words:

Look at this picture. These are the secondary control surfaces. These are trim tabs. Secondary control surfaces include trim tabs, servo tabs, balance tabs. They are relatively small airfoils attached to the trailing edges of the primary control surfaces. A trim tab is used to correct any tendency of the airplane to abnormal attitude of flight without application of pressure to the control column or the rudder pedals. Look at this picture.

This is the elevator trim tab. The elevator trim tab is usually adjustable from inside the cabin in flight by turning a trim wheel or crank. Look at this picture. T. That is the rudder trim tab. Trim tabs on the rudder may be either adjustable from inside the plane or they may be small sections that must be adjusted on the gro­und by bending the section in the proper direction. Trim tab permits the aircraft to fly straight ahead without application of pressure on the control wheel or rudder pedals. So, what can you say about trim tabs?

S. Trim tabs are relatively small airfoils attached to me trailing edges of the primary control surfaces. Trim tabs are used to correct any tendency of the airplane lo abnor­mal attitude of flight without application of pressure to the control stick or the rudder pedals.

T. Your answer is very good.

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