Define the statements as true or false. Underline the phrases in the text that support your answer.

a	In basic science scientists conduct research to achieve some practical gain.
b	Any investigation begins with the observation of an object or an activity.
c	Scientists usually repeat their experiments in order to be sure that the results obtained are objective.
d	Computer simulations can precisely predict the behaviour of the real objects.
e	A hypothesis is always formulated before starting the experiment.
f	The method of induction is used by scientists to infer new facts from experimental results.
g	A hypothesis becomes a theory when it is confirmed by repeated experiments.
h	Before the publication a scientific paper should be reviewed by the experts.
i	The peer-review process excludes subjective evaluation of the paper.
j	To be recognized as a part of scientific knowledge a paper should be accepted and published in a printed form.

5. Complete the following:

a	They search for the secrets of life processes__.
b	In all cases, a scientist’s work__.
c	It can be something extremely simple__.
d	This enables scientists to investigate__.
e	Data may be a set of numbers__.
f	Data may be arranged into a diagram__.
g	Scientists use mathematics__.
h	Throughout the history of science__.
i	Citations enable readers to work__.
j	Because scientists are human__.
k	Major scientific breakthroughs are cited__.

6. Find the passages in the text about:

a	a common approach used by researchers of various branches of science for problem solving;
b	the tools used by scientists in their observations;
c	the various forms of data presentation;
d	the reason why hypothesis may be problematic;
e	the information given in an abstract of a scientific paper;
f	a procedure of submitting a scientific paper for publication;
g	the criterion of the value of a scientific work.

7. Answer the following questions about the text:

a	Why isn’t there a clear-cut division between basic and applied science?
b	What steps do scientists use to organize their research?
c	What is an experiment?
d	What are the advantages of a computer simulation?
e	What does a hypothesis explain?
f	Why is it difficult sometimes to formulate a hypothesis?
g	Why should a paper be detailed enough?
h	What is a key test of a scientific theory?
i	What may failed theories suggest?
j	Why do scientists need to share the results and conclusions of their work?

8. Read the text “Supervising” and:

a	find the place where the author names the most important qualities of a person as a supervisor;
b	comment on the dictum you like most of all.

Scientific success in general and the defense of a thesis in particular is never an accident; it is always the result of high intention, sincere effort, intelligent direction and skilled execution; it represents the wise choice of many alternatives.

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