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ВІДКРИТА ЗАЯВА на підтримку позиції Ганни Турчинової та права кожної людини на свободу думки, світогляду та вираження поглядів



Define the statements as true or false. Underline the phrases in the text that support your answer.

a In basic science scientists conduct research to achieve some practical gain.
b Any investigation begins with the observation of an object or an activity.
c Scientists usually repeat their experiments in order to be sure that the results obtained are objective.
d Computer simulations can precisely predict the behaviour of the real objects.
e A hypothesis is always formulated before starting the experiment.
f The method of induction is used by scientists to infer new facts from experimental results.
g A hypothesis becomes a theory when it is confirmed by repeated experiments.
h Before the publication a scientific paper should be reviewed by the experts.
i The peer-review process excludes subjective evaluation of the paper.
j To be recognized as a part of scientific knowledge a paper should be accepted and published in a printed form.

5. Complete the following:

a They search for the secrets of life processes__.
b In all cases, a scientist’s work__.
c It can be something extremely simple__.
d This enables scientists to investigate__.
e Data may be a set of numbers__.
f Data may be arranged into a diagram__.
g Scientists use mathematics__.
h Throughout the history of science__.
i Citations enable readers to work__.
j Because scientists are human__.
k Major scientific breakthroughs are cited__.

 

6. Find the passages in the text about:

a a common approach used by researchers of various branches of science for problem solving;
b the tools used by scientists in their observations;
c the various forms of data presentation;
d the reason why hypothesis may be problematic;
e the information given in an abstract of a scientific paper;
f a procedure of submitting a scientific paper for publication;
g the criterion of the value of a scientific work.

7. Answer the following questions about the text:

a Why isn’t there a clear-cut division between basic and applied science?
b What steps do scientists use to organize their research?
c What is an experiment?
d What are the advantages of a computer simulation?
e What does a hypothesis explain?
f Why is it difficult sometimes to formulate a hypothesis?
g Why should a paper be detailed enough?
h What is a key test of a scientific theory?
i What may failed theories suggest?
j Why do scientists need to share the results and conclusions of their work?

8. Read the text “Supervising” and:

a find the place where the author names the most important qualities of a person as a supervisor;
b comment on the dictum you like most of all.

Scientific success in general and the defense of a thesis in particular is never an accident; it is always the result of high intention, sincere effort, intelligent direction and skilled execution; it represents the wise choice of many alternatives.

 


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