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Knitting elements

The sinker is the second primary knitting element (the needle being the first). It is a thin metal plate with an individual or a collective action operating approximately at right angles from the hook side of the needle bed, between adjacent needles. It may perform one or more of the following functions, dependent upon the machine’s knitting action, sinker shape and movement: loop formation, holding-down, knocking-over.

On bearded needle weft knitting machines of the straight bar frame and sinker wheel type (as on Lee’s hand frame), the main purpose of a sinker is to sink or kink the newly laid yarn into a loop. On the bearded needle loop wheel frame, the blades of burr wheels perform this function, whereas on latch needle weft knitting machines and warp knitting machines, loop formation is not a function of the sinkers.

The second and more common function of sinkers on modern machines is to hold down the old loops at a lower level on the needle stems when the new loops that are being formed, and to prevent the old loops from being lifted as the needles rise to clear them from their hooks.

The jack is a secondary weft-knitting element, which may be used to provide versatility of latch needle selection and movement. It is placed below and in the same trick as the needle and has its own operating butt and cam system.

Cams. All needles have a reciprocating action (except on now obsolete bearded needle sinker wheel and loop wheel frames, where the circle of fixed bearded needles merely revolves). Cams are the devices which convert the rotary machine drive into a suitable reciprocating action for the needles and other elements. The cams are carefully profiled to produce precisely timed movement and dwell periods and are of the two types, engineering cams and knitting cams.

The needle-bed of a knitting machine is made up by the needles. The needles can be all fixed on the same needle bar or can be driven individually in a grooved plate, according to the type of knitting machine.

All knitting machines can be equipped with one or two needle-beds, according to the model.

The needle-bed of a knitting machine can be flat or circular. It is made up of a steel body provided with grooves where the needles with hook and butt turned upward slide.

The needle-bed is characterized by two elements: the operating width and the gauge.

The operating width is the maximum working area and varies according to the type of machine. For example in a flat-bed machine the operating width is the distance between the first and the last needle. In circular knitting machines the operating width is the needle-bed diameter.

The gauge is the population of needles on a certain length of bed. The English Gauge is the number of needles included in an English inch.

III Answer the questions

1. What are the primary knitting elements?

2. What is the place of a sinker?

3. What are the functions of the sinker?

4. How do functions of the sinker differ depending on the type of the frame?

5. Where is the jack placed?

6. What are the two types of cams?

7. How many needle beds can machines be equipped with?

8. Are needles always fixed in the needle beds?

9. What forms can the needle beds be?

10. What two elements characterize needle beds?

IV Complete the sentences with the words from the text and translate them

1. … dependent upon the machine’s knitting action and consequent sinker shape …

2. … whereas on latch needle weft knitting machines …

3. The second and more common function …

4. … to provide versatility of latch needle selection and movement …

5. … are carefully profiled …

6. … with one or two needle-beds …

7. … can be flat or circular …

8. The English Gauge is …

9. … is the needle-bed diameter …

10. … is made up by the needles …

V Find the English equivalents of the words

основний елемент в’язання, сусідні голки, виконувати функцію, відтягувати петлі, кількість голок, діаметр голечниці, рух язичкової голки, максимальна ширина голечниці.

VI Make up sentences with the terms

adjacent needles, holding-down, knocking-over, newly laid yarn, needle selection, the operating width, the gauge.

VII Give definitions to the words

a sinker, a jack, a cam a needle-bed, an operating width, a gauge

VII Translate the sentences into English

1. Платина зроблена з тонкої металевої пластини.

2. Платина може виконувати декілька функцій.

3. Платина кулірує щойно заправлену пряжу в петлі.

4. За допомогою платини пров’язані петлі не підіймаються вверх по стержню.

5. Підголковий підштовхувач дозволяє урізноманітнити рух голки.

6. Всі голки на сучасних машинах мають зворотно-поступальний рух.

7. Голочниці можуть бути прямі чи циліндричні залежно від типу машини.

8. Клас машини визначається кількістю голок на задану площину, сантиметр чи дюйм.

VIII Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations

the second primary knitting element, main purpose of a sinker, common function of sinkers,the jack, convert the rotary machine drive, on the same needle bar, according to the model, flat or circular, the operating width and the gauge, varies according to the type of machine, the English Gauge.

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