III Read and translate the following text

The four primary base weft knitted structures

Four primary structures – plain, rib, interlock and purl – are the basic structures from which all weft knitted fabrics and garments are derived. Each is composed of a different combination of face and reverse stitches, knitted on a particular arrangement of needle beds.

Plain knitted fabrics. If in a knitted fabric one side consists only of face stitches, and the opposite side consists of back stitches, then it is defined as a plain knitted fabric. It is also very frequently named as a single jersey fabric (single fabric). Plain knitted fabrics are produced by using one set of needles. All the stitches are meshed in one direction. These fabrics tend to roll at their edges. They roll from their back towards the front at the top and lower edges. They also roll from their front towards the back at their selvedges. The structure is extensible in both widthwise and lengthwise directions, but the lateral extension is twice that of the longitudinal extension. The degree of recovery from stretch depends on the fibers and the construction of the yarn.

Rib knitted fabrics. If on both sides of a relaxed knitted fabric only face stitches are visible then it is known as a rib knitted fabric. It is produced by meshing the stitches in neighboring wales in opposite directions. This is achieved by knitting with two needle systems which are placed opposite to each other. These fabrics are also known as double jersey or double face fabrics. When the fabric is stretched widthwise, both sides of the fabric show alternately face and reverse stitches in each course. Once the fabric is released, it shrinks in its width, hiding the reverse stitches between the face stitches. These fabrics do not curl at their edges. The simplest rib structure is 1 x 1 rib. The change of direction of the interlooping of the stitches of neighbouring wales gives rib structures better elastic properties widthwise than other basic knitted structures. Other constructions of rib structures include 2 x 2 rib, where two wales of face stitches alternate with two wales of reverse stitches.

Purl knitted fabrics. If on the both sides of a relaxed weft knitted fabric only reverse stitches are visible, then this is named as a purl knitted fabric. Purl fabrics are produced by meshing the stitches in neighbouring courses in opposite directions by using special latch needles with two needle hooks. When the fabric is stretched lengthwise, then the face stitches are visible. The fabric shrinks more in the direction of wales, and once it is released, it relaxes to hide the face stitches between the courses.

Interlock knitted fabrics could be considered as a combination of two rib knitted structures. The reverse stitches of one rib knitted structure are covered by the face stitches of the second rib knitted structure. On both sides of the fabric only face stitches are visible, and it is difficult to detect the reverse stitches even when the fabric is stretched widthwise. The interlock fabrics show very poor elastic properties in both directions.

IV Answer the questions

1. What are the primary knitted structures?

2. What do the structures depend on?

V Complete the table with the information from the text

Structure	Synonyms	Appearance	Knitting elements used	Behavior, properties

VI Find English equivalents of the words

Перемішані петлі, певне розташування, нижня кромка, різні напрямки, поперемінно демонструвати, еластичні властивості

VII Make up sentences with the terms

face stitch, technical back, degree of recovery, relaxed knitted fabric, reverse stitches, elastic properties, the direction of wales, basic knitted structures, single fabric, 1 x 1 rib

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<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
II Read and remember the following phrases	\|	VIII Define the following knitted structures

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