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The steps for writing a good abstract

Skim Evan Frendo’s presentation with the goal of abstracting in mind.

Make notes of key facts and ideas given in the text, selecting key words.

Outline its main themes and highlights to use for your abstract.

Lookspecifically for the main parts of Evan Frendo’s article: purpose, methods, scope, results, conclusions, and recommendation, etc.

Scan the article and try to pinpoint any concepts you could use as keywords for an Internet search. Headings, titles or table of contents are usually good sources of keywords.

Usethe headings, outline heads as a guide to writing your abstract.

As you're writing an abstract about another person's paper, the introduction and the summary are good places to begin. These areas generally cover what the article emphasizes.

Write a rough draft. After you've finished rereading the article, write a rough draft without looking back atwhat you're abstracting.

Summarize the article using new words.

Don't copy and pastefrom the original! This rough draft should be longer than your finished product so you can delete unnecessary words. Let yourself brainstormwhile you edit.

Write an introductory sentence. This will be a statement of purpose for your article. It should introduce your central concept.

Write the body. This will be a brief description of the subject matter, roughly one or two paragraphs.

Embed keywords into the first 20 words of the body. Make them inconspicuous so they don't break the reader's concentration.

Write a one- or two-sentence conclusion. This should entice someone to read more.

Edit and revise your abstract as needed. It is best to let a day pass before you return to it with fresh eyes. Edit unnecessary words. Be sure you clearly present your main points.

Don't merely copy key sentences from the article: you'll put in too much or too little information.

Don't rely on the way the material was phrased in the article: summarize information in a new way.

Revise your rough draft to correct weaknesses in organization:

improve transitionsfrom point to point,

drop unnecessary information,

add important information you left out,

eliminate wordiness,

fixerrors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation.

Answer the following questions:

· Do you agree that the steps listed above are absolutely necessary?

· Do you think it is necessary to always pursue these steps in your abstracts??

· What are parts of an abstract?

· Did you know all these things about abstracts before?

· If you did, who told you first? Or did you acquire this knowledge by probe and error experience?

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