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Revision Concepts and Questions

1. Do you believe that most people are prepared to engage in intercultural communication? Explain.

2. How often do you find yourself in situations where an increased facility in intercultural communication would be useful? What are some of these occasions?

3. How can knowledge of the basic principles of communication be useful in daily life?

4. How do the authors define culture? Can you think of other definitions of culture that might help you understand intercultural communication better?

5. What is the purpose of culture?

6. What do the authors mean by the statement, “culture is learned”?

7. What are some instances in your life that demonstrate how culture is learned?

8. What are cultural values? How do they relate to individual values?

9. Would you highlight a few ways in which verbal behavior might differ between cultures?

10. What role does context play in communication? How does context affect intercultural communication?

11. Think of five different situations where an understanding of culture and communication behaviors would be beneficial.

MODULE 2-3. ESP IN TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION

Unit 2-13. ENGLISH AS THE LINGUA FRANCA OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION

Guidelines for extensive reading of ESP texts on the use of English for European education

Beyza Björkman’s paper investigates the use of spoken lingua franca English (ELF) by lecturers and students at a Swedish technical university where English is increasingly used as a medium of instruction and as a vehicular language for speakers from a wide range of first languages.

Beyza Björkman’s project has investigated the language skills of the teachers and students in this setting, namely non-native-like usage of spoken lingua franca English. The main aim has been to find out what aspects of language cause communication failure. The material comprises 76 hours of digital recordings, of naturally occurring, authentic high-stakes speech from content courses.

Beyza Björkman’s results show a clear tendency by engineers to reduce redundancy and to focus on function, thus disregarding standard forms. There is little communication failure considering the relatively high frequency of non-standard forms. Her account of the round-table discussion is based on the results of her investigation and is meant to be a starting point for a larger study.

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