LECTURE 1THE SUBJECT OFTHEORETICAL PHONETICS

Brainstorming questions

1 What does phonetics study?

2 Is it a new science?

3 What sciences does phonetics connected with?

4 Is it a linguistic or non- linguistic science?

5 What type of linguistic and non-linguistic sciences do you know?

6 How many branches and aspects of phonetics do you know?

Questions to be discussed:

1 Phonetics as a science, its aims and tasks 2 Definition of phonetics 3 Connection of phonetics with other linguistic and non- linguistic sciences 4 Methods of investigation used in different branches phonetics 5 Practical and theoretical importance of phonetics.

Key words: phonetics, speech sounds, linguistic and non- linguistic sciences, methods of investigation.

Phonetics studies

Speech sounds,its aspects and functions

Accentual structure of the words

Intonational structure of the sentences

Phonetics is connected with:

Linguistic sciences: a) grammar b) stylistics c) lexicology

Non-linguistic sciences:a)biology b) logic c)anatomy d)physiology e)physics

Phonetics is not a new science. It was known to the ancient Greeks and to the ancient Hindus. In India more than 2000 years ago there flourished a science of phonetics more advanced than any that has since been known until very recent times. The results, embodied in a series of Sanskrit texts, were,first introduced to the West only some 80 years ago. The scientists of that time were concerned with speech sounds only. It may be said that orthography of all written languages which use alphabets developed in the course of a very detailed phonetic analysis.

Here are some data connected with the history of phonetic development:

1829 laryngoscope was invented.

1852 first observations of the vocal cords were made.

1877 gramophone was invented.

1886 International Phonetic Association (IPA)was founded

Phonetics is not a separate, independent science. It began to develop in Western Europe and Russiaonly in the 19"' century. There has been considerable progress and growth in the 20^th century. Within the last half century, especially, new concepts have sprung up, new theories and new methods of investigation have been developed. Phonetics studies the sound matter, its aspects and functions. Not only has the sphere of investigation in phonetics become widened but several new branches of phonetics have also arisen. The most important of these are special and general phonetics. Phonetics, being a branch of linguistics, occupies a peculiar position. It develops according to its own laws. Today the sphere of phonetics is wider and deeper than ever before phonemes and their distribution in words, their mutual adaptation, stress, syllable formation, intonation,relation between oral and written speech and a number of other problems now become object of phonetic investigation. Phonetics, like the other branches of linguistics isclosely connected with a number of linguisticsand non-linguistic sciences, such as grammar, lexicology, stylistics, biology, logic, anatomy, physiology, physics, etc.

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