Студопедия
Новини освіти і науки:
МАРК РЕГНЕРУС ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ: Наскільки відрізняються діти, які виросли в одностатевих союзах


РЕЗОЛЮЦІЯ: Громадського обговорення навчальної програми статевого виховання


ЧОМУ ФОНД ОЛЕНИ ПІНЧУК І МОЗ УКРАЇНИ ПРОПАГУЮТЬ "СЕКСУАЛЬНІ УРОКИ"


ЕКЗИСТЕНЦІЙНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ПОРУШЕННЯ СТАТЕВОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ ПІДЛІТКІВ


Батьківський, громадянський рух в Україні закликає МОН зупинити тотальну сексуалізацію дітей і підлітків


Відкрите звернення Міністру освіти й науки України - Гриневич Лілії Михайлівні


Представництво українського жіноцтва в ООН: низький рівень культури спілкування в соціальних мережах


Гендерна антидискримінаційна експертиза може зробити нас моральними рабами


ЛІВИЙ МАРКСИЗМ У НОВИХ ПІДРУЧНИКАХ ДЛЯ ШКОЛЯРІВ


ВІДКРИТА ЗАЯВА на підтримку позиції Ганни Турчинової та права кожної людини на свободу думки, світогляду та вираження поглядів



However, there were references to negative numbers far earlier...

  In 200 BCE the Chinese number rod system represented positive numbers in Red and Negative numbers in black. These were used for commercial and tax calculations where the black cancelled out the red. The amount sold was positive (because of receiving money) and the amount spent in purchasing something was negative (because of paying out); so a money balance was positive, and a deficit negative.

 

The concept also appeared in Astronomy where the ideas of ²strong² and ²weak² were used for approximating a number from above or below. For example approaching 5 from above means for example, starting with 5.2 you can find better approximations 5.1, 5.05, 5.025. Thus 5.025 was called a ²strong² approximation and a number like 4.9 ²weak². So ²strong² numbers were called positive and ²weak² numbers negative. In India , negative numbers did not appear until about 620 CE in the work of Brahmagupta (598-670) who used the ideas of ²fortunes² and ²debts² for positive and negative. By this time a system based on place-value was established in India, with zero being used in the Indian number system. Brahmagupta used a special sign for negatives and stated the rules for dealing with positive and negative quantities as follows. A debt minus zero is a debt. A fortune minus zero is a fortune. Zero minus zero is a zero. A debt subtracted from zero is a fortune. A fortune subtracted from zero is a debt. The product of zero multiplied by a debt or fortune is zero. The product of zero multiplied by zero is zero. The product or quotient of two fortunes is one fortune. The product or quotient of two debts is one fortune. The product or quotient of a debt and a fortune is a debt. The product or quotient of a fortune and a debt is a debt.  

Читайте також:

  1. A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUMBERS AND COUNTING
  2. A few of the centaurs looked worried now. Hermione, however, gave a gasp.
  3. A vivid image of the shrieking, spitting portrait of Sirius’s mother that hung in the hall of number twelve, Grimmauld Place flashed into Harry’s mind. “I bet there has,” he said.
  4. A. The adjectives below can be used to describe inventions or new ideas. Which have a positive meaning? Which have a negative meaning?
  5. And there it was, scrawled right across a long list of antidotes.
  6. Are There Any Messages for Me?
  7. As Harry sat down, a furry ginger cat with a squashed face lumped onto his knees and settled there, purring.
  8. At that moment there was a diversion in the form of a small, redheaded figure in a long nightdress, who appeared in the kitchen, gave a small squeal, and ran out again.
  9. Both Black and Lupin strode forward, seized Pettigrew’s shoulders, and threw him backward onto the floor. He sat there, twitching with terror, staring up at them.
  10. Brow furrowed, Frank inclined his good ear still closer to the door, listening very hard. There was a pause, and then the man called Wormtail spoke again.
  11. But at that moment, there was a deafening rumble of thunder and the doors of the Great Hall banged open.
  12. But Mrs. Cole pulled up short, and there was nothing blurry or vague about the inquisitorial glance she shot Dumbledore over her gin glass.




Переглядів: 591

<== попередня сторінка | наступна сторінка ==>
THE HISTORY OF NEGATIVE NUMBERS | The conflict between geometry and algebra

Не знайшли потрібну інформацію? Скористайтесь пошуком google:

  

© studopedia.com.ua При використанні або копіюванні матеріалів пряме посилання на сайт обов'язкове.


Генерація сторінки за: 0.002 сек.