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The category of state

Degree of comparison.

This category is only for adjectives. Traditionally the view point of this consist of 3forms that make a gradual opposition:

1) Positive degree- that shows naming of the quality without comparison. (a good book.)

2) Comparative degree – two objects or groups of objects are compared (This film is better than that one)

3) Superlative degree- comparison of one object to the whole class of them (This is the best film I ever seen)

Markers can be both synthetical – er, -est Analytical – more, the most

The choice depends on the morphemic structure of the word. Sometimes we find cases where the indefinite article is used wit the superlative degree (He is a most experienced person in this sphere).

It means that comparison is not expressed here and the form is used as a means of the intensification.

Adj. are combined with nouns, adverbs (a happy radiant smile) intensifies (very beautiful, rather). Besides two types of adjectives some linguists singled out the third type- stative adjectives. In most languages there are words that denote a state of an object. In English there are more than 100 words that have a – aware, awake, afire, afloat. The origin of this words is the same it is old English preposition an on Some linguists understand this part of speech in a wide sense including in it also statives (stative words- категория состояния). In English such words are formed on the basic of verbs (asleep) and on the basic of nouns (afire- The house is afire.) Most words of these kind have prefix a. It is explained by the origin, because in Old English it was expressed by preposition plus the noun in the Dative Case. Such words have some peculiarity in meaning in comparison with adjectives, their meaning s not permanent quality but a temporary state. Secondary, statives can’t be used in degrees of comparison. These differences do not allow other linguists to include them in the class of adjectives and they insist that statives should be called a separate part of speech.

Читайте також:

1. Complete the given statements from the text
2. State which of the italicized units are phraseologisms and which are free word-combinations. Give proof of your answer.
3. Stylistic devices based on the meaning of the category of case
4. Stylistic devices based on the meaning of the category of number
5. Stylistic potential of the category of gender.
6. The Category of Voice.

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