• Гідрологія і Гідрометрія
• Господарське право
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• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

Notes to the Text

1. taken for granted – вважаються доведеними

2. to keep alive –підтримувати життя

3. integrated circuit – інтегральна схема

4. nuclear weapon – ядерна зброя.

5. ballistic missile – балістична ракета.

6. survival – виживання.

Exercise 7.Answer the following questions:

1. What devices invented by the application of science are used in everyday life? 2. What is science? 3. How quick has the range of human knowledge increased? 4. Where were transistors used? 5. What did the invention of Ics give? 6. What countries have succeeded in conquering space? 7. What should research and technology do? 8. What developments have attracted public attention throughout the world?

Exercise 8.Find English equivalents of Ukrainian word-combinations:

Проводити дослідження, привернути увагу людей, забезпечити заможне життя, точний контроль, на матеріальному рівні, неймовірні на землі, розумова діяльність, виживання людства, менш очевидний, збільшитись у два рази, знайти широке застосування.

On the material level, survival of the human race, to double, precise control, inconceivable on earth, to find wide use, to provide the abundant life, intellectual activity, less obvious, to conduct investigations, to attract public attention.

Exercise 9.Give your own idea as to these statements.

1. Science very little affects everyday life.

2. Men of intelligence and good will are deeply concerned about the problem of directing the power of science.

3. The things that happen in nature are not accidental things.

4. Science is motivated by curiosity of a researcher.

5. The greatest achievements of medical knowledge and care have improved human happiness.

Exercise 10.Read the text and entitle it.

The highest mountain in the world is Mount Everest – 29.002 feet high. The largest ocean is the Pacific having a total area of 63.986.000 square miles. The Atlantic Ocean, the next largest, is only 31.530.000 square miles, the Indian Ocean with 28.350.000 square miles comes third. The longest river is the Nile which is more than 4.000 miles longer or about twice the distance by air from London to Beirut. The biggest island is Greenland which belongs to Denmark and is about 840.000 square miles in extent. The largest lake is the Caspian Sea. Geographers consider it as a lake because it is not connected with any of the great oceans. It has an area of about 170.000 square miles. Which is the deepest sea? So far, as we know at present the greatest depth is in the Pacific Ocean near the Philippines and goes down to 37.000 feet, which is much more than the height of Everest. The biggest volcano is in Ecuador, South America. It is still active and 19.612 feet high. There is another one between Argentina and Chile and it is more than 3.000 feet higher.

Task III.Read and translate the text.

Text 2B

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MIT is an independent university located in Boston area. It was founded in 1861 by William Barton Rogers, a distinguished natural scientist, who believed that teaching, research, and the application of knowledge must be combined to real-world problems. MIT held its first classes in 1865 after having delayed opening because of the Civil War. There were approximately 15 students enrolled at that time.

Today MIT has about 9,700 students, a faculty of approximately 1,000 and several thousand research staff. The institute is broadly organized into five academic Schools – Architecture and Planning, Engineering, Humanities and Social Science, Management and Science – and a large number of interdisciplinary programs, laboratories, and centers. A unique feature of MIT is that undergraduates join with graduate students, faculty, and staff to work on research projects throughout the institute.

Most academic activities take place in a group of interconnected buildings designed to permit easy communication among the Schools and their departments. Across the street from this set of buildings there are athletic fields, the student center, and many of the dormitories.

The main purpose of the academic program at MIT is to give students a sound command of basic principles, the habit of continued learning and the confidence that comes from a thorough and systematic approach to learning. This results in continued professional and personal growth, especially in today’s rapidly changing world.

The two essential parts of all MIT educational programs are teaching and research. They provide experience in theory and experiment for both students and teaching staff.

Each student pursues a degree in one of the departments. Undergraduate courses at MIT lead to the degree of Bachelor of Science. The academic programs require four years of full-time study for the Bachelor of Science. Degrees are awarded on the basis of satisfactory completion of general institute and departmental requirements in each program.

There is enough flexibility to allow each student, in collaboration with the advisor, to develop an individual program in accordance with his or her own interests and preparation.

Notes to the Text

1. to foster – сприяти

2. faculty – викладацький склад

3. Humanities –гуманітарні науки

4. Science –природничі науки

5. undergraduate – студент останнього курсу

6. dormitory – гуртожиток

7. habit–звичка

8. continued learning – безперервненавчання

9. to result in –приводити до

10.to pursue – намагатися отримати

11.collaboration – співробітництво

Exercise 11. Translate into English.

видатний вчений-натураліст, застосування знань, приблизно, дослідницький персонал, міждисциплінарні програми, гуманітарні та соціальні науки, унікальна особливість, об’єднатися з, дослідницький проект, навчальна діяльність, факультет, комплекс корпусів, спортивні майданчики, головна мета, ґрунтовні знання, впевненість, ретельний, особистий ріст, забезпечити досвід, вести до, навчання на денному відділенні, задовільний, вимоги факультету, гнучкість, керівник, відповідно до

Exercise 12. Match the words (1-6) with their definition (a-f).

1. To delay a. complete and careful

2. Staff b. process of gaining knowledge or skill by doing and

seeing things

3. Confidence c. the group of workers who do the work of an organization

4. Thorough d. belief that one is right or that one is able to perform

5. Experience e. working for the normal number of hours or days in job,

course of study

6. Full-time f. to do something later than planned

Exercise 13. Give the comprehensive answers to these questions:

1.What is the organizational structure of Massachusets Institute of Technology?

2. What are the features of educational programs?

VOCABULARY NOTES

Task IV. Learn the following words and word-combinations

1. Civil engineeringцивільне будівництво

2. entrance examsвступні екзамени

3. to be enrolledбути зарахованим

4. experienceдосвід

5. to do one’s bestробити все можливе

6. to graduate from the Universityзакінчити університет

7. termсеместр

8. workshopмайстерня

9. teaching aidsзасоби навчання

10. double period“пара”

11. facilitiesзасоби, апаратура

12. descriptive geometryнарисна геометрія

13. groupmateодногрупник

14. to take interest in виявляти інтерес до

15. proverb прислів’я

16. enjoymentзадоволення, радість

Task V.Read and translate the topic.

I am a Student

I am a first-year student at Lutsk National Technical University, Civil Engineering Department. In July I took my entrance exams and was enrolled in the University. Of course, it was not an easy experience, but I did my best. I worked hard at my subjects and, as a result I passed all my exams successfully. My special field is Civil Engineering. When I graduate from the University I’ll work at a building site.

As in most higher schools in Ukraine the academic year in our university is divided into two terms. Studying begins on September 1 and finishes in June. After each term we have our examination session. Each term is followed by a holiday.

Our University has four buildings. They are located in different parts of our town. There are many lecture halls, classrooms, specialized rooms, laboratories, workshops. Specialized classrooms are equipped with proper teaching aids and other facilities.

My lessons usually begin at 8.30, but sometimes we don’t have the first double period. As I live far from the University I go there by trolley-bus. It takes me half an hour to get to the University. When I’m in a hurry I take a route taxi. I should say that it is rather expensive and I try to go out of home earlier.

I live with my parents in a comfortable three-room flat. It is in a new residentional district. On my days off I help about the house, do my room, go shopping, etc.

We study many subjects at the university. Here are some of them: Higher Mathematics, Descriptive Geometry, Business Ukrainian Language, History of Ukraine. I take a great interest in the history of our country, because there are still so many facts from our history, which I have never heard of about.

As a rule, our lessons are over at three o’clock. After dinner we work at the library. But you are wrong if you think that I and my groupmates study and study and study all day long. We find time for some enjoyment as well. As the old English proverb says “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”.

Exercise 14.Answer the following questions:

1.What department do you study at? 2. How many entrance exams did you take? 3. Where can you work after graduation ? 4. When do you have your examination sessions ? 5. What teaching facilities does your university have ? 6. How many periods do you have every day ? 7. How do you get to the university ? 8. Do you live in the hostel or with your parents ? 9. What subjects do you study ? 10. How do you spend your free time ?

Exercise 15.Translate into English the following sentences.

1. Після успішного складання вступних іспитів я був зарахований до університету. 2. Екзаменаційна сесія проводиться в січні та червні.3. Кабінети та лабораторії добре обладнані. 4. Ми не маємо занять в понеділок. 5. Мені необхідно 40 хвилин, щоб дістатись до університету. 6. Коли я поспішаю, я їду маршрутним таксі. 7. Я живу в гуртожитку. Він розташований недалеко від університету. 8. Двічі на місяць я їжджу додому. Я повертаюсь в Луцьк в понеділок після обіду. 9. Ми маємо багато нових і цікавих предметів. 10. Я маю багато друзів серед моїх одногрупників.

Key dates in science

c. 700 BC The Ayurveda, an early medical text, was written in India.

c. 600 BC The Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus described the magnetic properties of lodestone, a form of iron ore, which later became known as magnetite.

c. 530 BC Pythagoras, a Greek mathematician, made various important discoveries, including Pythagora’s theorem.

c. 400 BC The pulley was invented in Greece.

c. 335 BC The Greek philosopher Aristotle made many important scientific observations, including how levers work.

c. 300 BC Gears were first used in Egypt.

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