Notes to the Text

1. silicon plate – кремнієва пластина

2. integrated circuit – інтегральна схема

3. chip – кристал

4. sophisticated – складний

5. high technology– передова технологія

6. it takes … (one year) – вимагається ...(один рік)

7. video cassette recorder– відеомагнітофон

8. CD player– програвач компакт дисків

Exercise 8. Answer the following questions.

1. What is this text about? 2. What new things appeared in people’s everyday life after World War II? 3. What is at the center of all these things? 4. What applications of computers do you know? 5. Where else may computers be used? 6. How does an ordinary computer operate? 7.What is the speed of a new supercomputer? 8. What is the task of engineers in the field of computer development? 9. What types of computers do you know? 10.What are the prospects in the development of computers?

Exercise 9. Translate the following word-combinations.

computer race, electronically controlled machines and instruments, to process data, to do useful work, in daily use, to do a lot of operations, fast and accurately, a software programmer, high speed, electronic device, further development of computers

Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the active vocabulary of the text.

1. Nowadays an integrated circuit is the main component of everyday devices. 2. Supercomputers are in general usage now. 3. The operation of integrated circuits depends on their microscopic component quality. 4. Some researchers think that we are close to a physical limit in increasing computer operation speed. 5. Supercomputers are similar to ordinary computers. 6. By the beginning of the 21st century the electronic age may replace the light age. 7. It is possible to expect the appearance of optical-electronic computers in the future. 8. Hardware is less expensive than software.9.There are two kinds of computers in current use: the analogue computer and the digital computer. 10. Invention of electronic computers is one of the greatest achievements of mankind. 11. Electronic newspapers add all kinds of new features, like audio and video clips. 12. A program is a set of instructions on a special computer language. 13. Robert Noyce invented the integrated circuit. 14. We got the words abacus and calculate from Latin “calculus”. 15. The microprocessor chip became the heart of the computer.16. The input and output devices supplied information and received it from the computer. 17. The Ukrainian Academician S.O. Lebedev in 1950 constructed the first electronic digital computer. 18. Vacuum tubes were bulky, energy consuming and generated large amounts of heat. 19. Computers will have an enormous impact on science and technology. 20. Computers will operate more rapidly, reliably and precisely. 21. A hybrid computer will be a machine which will combine some of the properties of digital and analogue computers.

Exercise 11. Choose the right form of the verbs.

1. In 1833 an English inventor and mathematician Charles Babbage, professor of Cambridge University (to design) the first computer. 2. Lord Byron’s daughter (to compose) the mathematical programme for his machine. 3. Ada’ s mathematical abilities (to become) apparent when she (to be) only fifteen. 4. She (to study) mathematics with one of the most well known mathematicians of her time, Augustus de Morgan. 5. In 1842 lady Lovelace (to discover) a paper on the Analitical Engine. 6. First generation of computers (to prevail) in the 1940s and for much of the 1950s. 7. They (to use) vacuum tubes for calculation, control, and sometimes for memory as well. 8. In the late 1950s, the transistor (to become) available to replace the vacuum tube. 9. A transistor (to be) only slightly larger than a kernel of corn. 10. They (to generate) little heat and enjoyed long life. 11. The early 1960s (to see) the introduction of integrated circuits, which (to incorporate) hundreds of transistors on a single silicon chip. 12. The integrated circuits (to make) computers even smaller, less expensive and more reliable. 13. The most recent jump in computer technology (to come) with the introduction of large-scale integrated circuits.

Exercise 12. Fill in the gaps with the words from the list.

a) operation, operate, operator, operational, operationally, operating

1. A computer can perform mathematical … very quickly. 2. One of the first persons to note that the computer is malfunctioning is the computer … . 3. The job of a computer is to … the various machines in a computer ins-tallation. 4. The new machines in the computer installation are not yet … .

b) acceptance, accepts, accepted, acceptable, acceptably

1. A computer is a device which … processes and gives out information. 2. The students are still waiting for their … into the Computer Science program. 3. It is … to work without a template (шаблон, лекало) if the flowcharts (блок-схема) are not kept on file.

c) solution, solve, solvable, solver

1. It may take a lot of time to find a … to a complex problem in programming. 2. A computer can … a problem faster than any human being. 3. A computer has often been referred to as a problem … .

d) remark, remarkable, remarkably

1. Today’s computers are … faster than their predecessors. 2. Systems analysts will often make … about existing programs so as to help make the operations more efficient. 3. There have been … developments in the field of computer science in the last decade.

e) communication, communicate, communicable, communicative, communicably

1. A computer must be able to … with the user. 2. Fibre optics is a new development in the field of … . 3. Some people working in computer installations aren’t very … because they are shy.

f) calculation, calculate, calculating, calculated, calculator, calculable, calculus(диференційне обчислення)

1. A computer can do many kinds of … quickly and accurately. 2. … is a branch of mathematics for making … without the use of a … machine. 3. A computer can … numbers much faster than a manual … . 4. Some problems aren’t … without logarithm tables.

g) mechanic, mechanism, mechanize, mechanical, mechanically, mechanistic, mechanics, mechanization, mechanized

1. Today’s computer are less … than they used to be. 2.The … devices in a computer system operate more slowly than the electromagnetic devices. 3.The … of the brain is very complicated but unlike a computer it isn’t … .

h) necessity, necessitate, necessary, necessarily, necessities, need, needed

1. Because it is expensive to set up a computer department it is … to budget well for the basic … of the installations. 2. A good programmer isn’t … going to be a good systems analyst. 3. Students lack of understanding of the basic concepts in computer science may … the instructor to restructure the course.

i) dependence, depend on, dependable, dependably, dependent, dependency, depending

1. The length of time a programmer takes to make a program will vary … on the complexity of the problem and his ability and experience. 2. One can always … a computer to obtain accurate answers because it’s probably the most … machine in the world today.

j) technology, technological, technologically.

1. Computer … is a fast growing discipline. 2 The … improvements of computers are reducing man’s workload.

Exercise 13. Make up the sentences from two parts.

1. Nowadays electronic devices	airplanes, ships, trains and cars having built-in electronic circuits and instruments.
2. We are surrounded	is being used more widely at home and in office.
3. There are	without electronically controlled machine-tools.
4. A personal computer	with electronics everywhere in everyday life and at plants and factories.
5. People are carried by	scientific research without computers.
6. The modern production is unthinkable	are in general usage.
7. It is impossible to imagine	electronic watches we wear, telephone, radio, and TV sets we speak, listen to and watch.

Exercise 14. Translate into English.

1. Комп’ютер – це прилад для математичного розв’язання задач. 2. Сучасні комп’ютери можуть дуже швидко вирішувати складні завдання. 3. Комп’ютери можуть виконувати роботу тисяч людей. 4. Наша промисловість випускає декілька типів цифрових комп’ютерів. 5. В найближчому майбутньому середня школа та вищі навчальні заклади будуть забезпечені сучасними комп’ютерами. 6. Електроніка є основою сучасної автоматики. 7. Кібернетика тісно пов’язана з іншими галузями знань. 8. ЕОМ використовуються в промисловості, медицині, науково-дослідній роботі, банках і під час прогнозування погоди. 9. Августа Ада Байрон – дочка славнозвісного поета. Вона зробила математичне забезпечення для першого комп’ютера.У шістнадцятирічному віці вона мала глибокі знання з математики. 10. ЕОМ відкриває великі перспективи для людської творчості, про які могли говорити хіба що фантасти. 11. Цифрова обчислювальна машина за один день може виконати такий обсяг роботи, з яким команда обчислювачів не впорається й за рік.

Exercise 15. Fill in the gaps with much, many, little, a little, few, a few and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

A. 1. … people know that the first programmer in the world was Lord Byron’s daughter. 2. In the past astronomers spent all their lives to make … hundred thousand calculations. 3. A calculator makes these calculations in … seconds. 4. In the next … years a new generation computer will be developed. 5. … people read that the first electric light illuminated the laboratory of Vasily Petrov, a St. Peterburg physicist, in 1862. 6.There is some mercury in the tube, put ….. more.

B. 1. Scientists collected … information about the Moon, its atmosphere and surface. 2. Our Government pays … attention to space exploration. 3. … young specialists take part in scientific research. 4. We have … time for this work that is why we must work hard. 5. There is … water in this lake. 6. We had … time for experiments and we made only … of them. 7. This scientist works … at the problem of using semiconductors. 8. There is … light in the laboratory. 9. There are … different devices there.

Task III. Read and translate the text.

Text 3B.

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<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Is there an End of the Computer Race?	\|	From the history of computer.

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