Форми герундія

	Active	Passive
Indefinite Perfect	writing having written	being written having been written

Exercise 1. Find Gerund in the following sentences. Translate the sentences.

1. On detecting danger on the road the computer signals the driver. 2. Detecting an object in front of a car in the dark is the purpose of the “night vision system”. 3. One of the main problems of a driver on the road is keeping the speed constant and watching the cars ahead. 4. A new device for monitoring and adjusting air pressure in tires has recently been developed. 5. Before starting a car one must examine it carefully. 6. Computers are widely used for controlling all kinds of processes. 7. Alexander Bell’s being a teacher of deaf people influenced his interest in sound and its transmission. 8. Samuel Morse’s hobby was experimenting with electricity. 9. Driving a car in the city is difficult. 10. Taking a cold shower in the morning is very useful.

Exercise 2. Define the forms and functions of Gerund.

1. One of the best ways of keeping the speed steady is using a computer for this purpose. 2. Newton’s having made a mistake in his calculations has no influence on his theory. 3. On being turned on the radar will warn the driver of stationary or slow-moving objects on the road. 4. Upon being heated the molecules begin moving very rapidly. 5. The white line in the centre of the road is one of the most effective means of controlling traffic. 6. On graduating from the University S.P. Korolev began working in the field of rocket design. 7. The function of a car computer is detecting and summing up the information about the road conditions. 8. Monitoring and adjusting air pressure in tires is one of the new developments of the car designers. 9. It is difficult to solve some of the present-day scientific and technological problems without using supercomputers. 10. On seeing a red light on a panel and on hearing a warning sound the driver should decrease the speed. 11. By picking up infrared rays emitted by objects ahead of the car an image-processing system produces different images of objects. 12. On studying for half an hour before an exam one should switch over to some other activity. 13. I remember having been shown the letter. 14. He entered the room without being noticed.

Exercise 3. Supplement the sentences with Gerund.

For example: Do you mind (I, open) the window? – Do you mind my opening the window?

1. Did your uncle agree to (you, come) to see me? 2. I don’t like the idea of (Mary, go) home alone in the dark. 3. I’m afraid of (John, lose ) the way. 4. Please forgive (I, ask) such a personal question. 5. Please excuse (we, call) you by your first name. 6. Our teacher won’t like (we, come) late to classes. 7. I can’t insist on (you, stay) a little longer. 8. Please, excuse (we, come) a little late without (inform) you beforehand. 9. I don’t like (she, read) my letters. 10. Excuse (I, interrupt) you. 11. What do you say to (he, join) us?

Exercise 4. Translate the phrases “Love is…”, paying attention to the translation of Gerund.

1. Love is playing the game, when you already know the score. 2. Love is sending your feelings by fax. 3. Love is pulling together when things get rough. 4. Love is being a good listener when you’ve got your own troubles. 5. Love is always looking on the bright side of life. 6.Love is trying to understand her kind of music. 7. Love is knowing when he needs a little space. 8. Love is spending hours choosing his Valentine card. 9. Love is trying to make our world a better place. 10. Love is playing ball with your son. 11. Love is telling her that her name is music to your ears. 12. Love is worth saving. 13. Love is giving thanks for every day you’ve known each other. 14. Love is not living in the past. 15. Love is helping a child to feel wanted.

VOCABULARY NOTES

Task I.Learn and memorize the following words and word-combinations. Translate the sentences.

1. to display – виставляти. The goods were displayed in a shop window.

2. airfield – аеропорт. Boryspil airfield is an international air gate.

3. to match – підходити (відповідати). The wallpaper and paint don’t match.

4. to cover – покривати (долати). I want to cover 100 miles before it gets dark.

5. overall – загальний. The overall weight the plane “Mriya” can lift is 250 tones.

6. to accommodate – вміщати. The bus accommodates 30 passengers.

7. ordinary– звичайний. It was an ordinary experiment.

8. to withstand – витримувати. Children’s furniture must withstand kicks and blows.

9. stress– напруження. The vehicles passing over put stress on the material of the bridge.

10. velocity – швидкість. The velocity of the car was increased.

11. resistance– опір. Heat-resistance of this alloy is very low.

12. skin – обшивка. The skin of a plane was damaged.

13. route – маршрут. The length of the route has increased by 3 km.

14. reliable – надійний. He was recommended as a reliable person.

16. to overcome – долати. He will overcome all difficulties.

17. heat-insulating – теплоізоляційний. Heat-insulating materials are widely used in aircraft building.

18. computation– обчислення. Computer computations are more accurate.

19. to lighten – робити легшим. The weight of a plane was lightened.

20. to substitute – замінювати. Natural substances are substituted by artificial ones.

21. conventional – звичайний. The conventional conclusion of a letter is “Sincerely yours”.

22. to exceed – перевищувати. The cost will not exceed $50.

23. fuel – паливо. Wood, coal, oil and gas are different kinds of fuel.

24. extreme – надзвичайний. Extreme temperatures are to be achieved in thermonuclear reactor.

25. friction– тертя. They try to reduce friction.

26. measure – міра (засіб). An hour is a measure of time.

27. coolant – охолоджувальна рідина. Coolants are used in metal-cutting.

28. to vaporize – випаровувати. Water vaporizes when boiled.

29. to inject – впорскувати. The fuel is injected within milliseconds.

30. jet– реактивний. He piloted jet planes.

Task II.Read and translate the text.

Text 14A

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