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Vocabulary notes

in the presence/absence of – за наявності, у присутності/відсутності чогось

serve as – слугувати, виступати як/у ролі

be capable of – бути здатним, спроможним

in response to – у відповідь на щось, як реакція на щось

III. Complete the sentences with the appropriate phrases from the vocabulary notes

1. At lower temperatures ammonia or hydrogen cyanide could __________ a liquid medium.

2. Humans, along with some other organisms, are omnivores that means they __________ functioning as herbivores or carnivores.

3. Antibodies are chemicals (Y-shaped) produced by an animal __________ a specific antigen.

4. Under alkaline conditions, and __________ inorganic catalysts, formaldehyde spontaneously reacts to form a variety of sugars.

5. __________ ozone, the ultraviolet solar flux is so high that a lethal dose for most organisms would be delivered in less than an hour.

IV. Make up 7-8 questions about the text “The Origin of Life” and ask them to your partner

V. Find the English equivalents of the following words in the text “The Origin of Life”

Відповідний, потрібний; збирання, монтаж; помилка; в кінцевому результаті, врешті решт; на початку; грубий, примітивний; рідкісний, дефіцитний; гарантувати, забезпечувати; відділення, відокремлення; викопні рештки.

VI. Use the words from exercise IV to fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

1. There must be an _______ in our calculations.

2. Racial _______ in schools still exists in some southern states.

3. Each patient is given a special exercise routine that is _______ for his or her needs.

4. Several dinosaur _______ were found in Montana.

5. Babbage's great calculating machine was a _______ form of computer.

6. Stan _______ wanted to go to medical school, but later he changed his mind and began to work as a manager.

7. Water is always _______ in deserts.

8. All the necessary steps had been taken to _______ their safety.

9. During its _______ on the ribosome, each protein acquires a group of from 4 to 100 amino acids called a signal.

10. _______, the sky cleared up and we went to the beach.

GRAMMAR IN USE

I. Look at the following sentences and try to identify the position of the words like probably, often, always both, ever, never, already, etc.

a) The first living systems probably resided in a molecular garden of Eden, where all the building blocks were available free.

b) Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the endoplasmic reticulum are alwaysabsent in prokaryotic cells.

c) Some adaptations of undoubted utility, such as tractor treads in swampy environments, have never been evolved by natural selection on the Earth.

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